刘松忠;武阳;刘军;田海青;

• 1:北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所·北京市落叶果树工程技术研究中心·农业部华北地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】探讨梨园有机肥施用方法与合理的施肥量。【方法】以3 a生分根盆栽梨幼树为材料,研究砂土、壤土2/4根域用10%、20%、30%有机肥改良对新梢生长和枝类组成等生长指标,叶片水势、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度等生理指标的影响。【结果】砂土、壤土2/4根域改良均显著促进梨幼树新梢生长,调控长、中、短枝数量和枝类组成。其中,随有机肥水平增加,砂土栽培梨幼树新梢生长量与总枝量等先增加后降低;壤土栽培时则逐渐降低,且砂土、壤土分别以20%、10%有机肥处理最大。2/4根域施用有机肥能有效调控梨幼树叶片水势、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度等生理指标。砂土上10%有机肥处理,有机肥施用量不足,对叶片生理特性指标的促进作用较小;砂土栽培30%有机肥及壤土栽培20%、30%有机肥处理,有机肥施用量偏高,对梨幼树叶片生理特性有抑制效应。【结论】从促进梨幼树树体生长和叶片生理特性指标考虑,2/4根域改良条件下,砂土施用20%有机肥、壤土施用10%有机肥的效果最好。

关键词(KeyWords)： 梨;根域;有机肥;生长;生理特性

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家科技支撑计划项目子课题(2014BAD16B03-3);; 国家梨产业技术体系北京综合试验站(CARS-29-22);; 北京市科委重大项目(D131100000113001)

作者(Authors): 刘松忠;武阳;刘军;田海青;

DOI: 10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20150005

参考文献(References)：

• [1]FAOSTAT,2013,http://faostat3.fao.org/download/Q/*/E.
• [2]DONG Caixia,JIANG Haibo,ZHAO Jingwen,XU Yangchun.Current fertilization in pear orchard in China[J].Soils,2012,44(5):754-761.董彩霞,姜海波,赵静文,徐阳春.我国主要梨园施肥现状分析[J].土壤,2012,44(5):754-761.
• [3]WEI Shuwei,WANG Hongwei,ZHANG Yong,WANG Shaomin.Investigation and analysis of fertilization status in pear orchards of the midwest Shandong province[J].Shandong Agricultural Sci?ences,2012,44(5):75-78.魏树伟,王宏伟,张勇,王少敏.山东中西部梨主产区施肥状况调查与分析[J].山东农业科学,2012,44(5):75-78.
• [4]TIAN Rui,HU Hongju,CHEN Qiliang,YANG Xiaoping,ZHANG Jingguo,FAN Jing.Investigation and analysis of soil nutritional status of pear orchard at five main production countries in Hubei province[J].Journal of Yangtze University(Nat Sci Edit),2013,10(29):7-12.田瑞,胡红菊,陈启亮,杨晓平,张靖国,范净.湖北省砂梨5个主产县梨园土壤养分状况调查与分析[J].长江大学学报(自然科学版),2013,10(29):7-12.
• [5]XIE Kai,LI Yuanjun,LE Wenquan,WANG Shaomin,LI Jun?cai,DONG Caixia,XU Yangchun.A study on soil nutrient status and nutrients input in the main pear orchards around Bohai Bay Region[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2013,44(1):132-137.谢凯,李元军,乐文全,王少敏,李俊才,董彩霞,徐阳春.环渤海湾地区主要梨园土壤养分状况及养分投入研究[J].土壤通报,2013,44(1):132-137.
• [6]LIU Jun,LIU Songzhong,LU Renqiang,WEI Qinping,WANG Xiaowei.Investigaiton and analysis of soil nutrition in pear or?chards in Beijing area[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,2014,46(1):73-75.刘军,刘松忠,鲁韧强,魏钦平,王小伟.北京地区梨园土壤养分状况调查与分析[J].山东农业科学,2014,46(1):73-75.
• [7]YU Nianwen,LI Juncai,WANG Jiazhen,CAI Zhongmin,SHA Shoufeng,LI Hongjun.Investigation and analysis on nutrient sta?tus of soil and leaves in‘Nanguoli’pear orchards in Liaoning province[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2013,30(2):254-259.于年文,李俊才,王家珍,蔡忠民,沙守峰,李宏军.辽宁省‘南果梨’园土壤和叶片养分状况调查分析[J].果树学报,2013,30(2):254-259.
• [8]LIU Songzhong,LIU Jun,ZHANG Qiang,WANG Xiaowei,WEI Qinping.Effects of manure types on sugars and acids content and flavor of pear(Pyrus pyrifolia‘Hwangkumbae’)[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2012,29(1):6-10.刘松忠,刘军,张强,王小伟,魏钦平.不同肥料种类对黄金梨果实内在品质及风味的影响[J].果树学报,2012,29(1):6-10.
• [9]LIU Songzhong,LIU Jun,ZHU Qingqing,ZHANG Qiang,WANG Xiaowei,WEI Qinping.Effects of manure types on sugars and acids content and flavor in pear(Pyrus pyrifolia‘Hwangkum?bae’)of different mature stages[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2012,29(5):804-808.刘松忠,刘军,朱青青,张强,王小伟,魏钦平.肥料种类对不同采收期‘黄金梨’糖酸含量和风味的影响[J].果树学报,2012,29(5):804-808.
• [10]LIU Yan,GAO Xiahong,YAO Yuncong.Research on nutrient effect of different botanical organic fertilizers on young pear plant[Pyrus pyrifolia(Burm.f.)Nakai]in Sandy Soil[J].Scientia Agri?cultura Sinica,2008,41(8):2546-2553.刘艳,高遐虹,姚允聪.不同植物源有机肥对沙质土壤黄金梨幼树营养效应的研究[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(8):2546-2553.
• [11]XIE Kai,SONG Xiaohui,DONG Caixia,XU Yangchun.Effects of different organic fertilizers on tree growth and soil property in‘Huangguan’pear orchard[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Sci?ence,2013,19(1):214-222.谢凯,宋晓晖,董彩霞,徐阳春.不同有机肥处理对黄冠梨生长及果园土壤性状的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(1):214-222.
• [12]GAO Xiaoyan.Influences of applying different organic fertilizer on growth,fruit quality and soil physical chemistry property[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2007.高晓燕.几种有机肥对梨树生长、果实品质及土壤性状的影响[D].北京:中国农业大学,2007.
• [13]ZHAO Guodong,WEI Qinping,ZHANG Qiang,WANG Xiaowei,LIU Songzhong,LIU Jun.Effects of 1/4 root zone applying organ?ic manure on growth of young apple trees in organic glass box[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2010,27(2):179-182.赵国栋,魏钦平,张强,王小伟,刘松忠,刘军.砂土1/4根域施用有机肥对苹果幼树生长的影响[J].果树学报,2010,27(2):179-182.
• [14]LIU Changhong,HAN Minyun,ZHANG Lixin.The effects of fer?tilizer application at early summer on growth,yield and quality of‘Fuji’apple in Weibei Highland[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2008,26(1):62-66.刘长虹,韩明玉,张立新.初夏施肥对渭北旱塬红富士苹果生长、产量及品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2008,26(1):62-66.
• [15]QIN Ling,WEI Qinping,LI Jiarui,WANG Xiaowei,ZOU Yang?jun,GAO Zhaoquan,LIU Jun.Effects of soil amended model in root-zone on growth of grape roots[J].Chinese Agricultural Sci?ence Bulletin,2005,21(7):270-272.秦玲,魏钦平,李嘉瑞,王小伟,邹养军,高照全,刘军.根区不同改土模式对葡萄根系生长的影响[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(7):270-272.
• [16]QIN Ling.Study on properties of water and nutrient conservation of peat and effects of different amended models on root-zone of grape[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2005.秦岭.草炭保水保肥特性与葡萄根区不同施用模式效应的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2005.
• [17]YE Shenglan,XU Fuli,WANG Weiling,LIU Qianwen.Effects of the different organic fertilizers on growth,photosynthetic char?acteristics and quality of pear-jujube of in the Loess Plateau[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2013,19(2):370-378.叶胜兰,徐福利,王渭玲,刘倩雯.不同有机肥对黄土丘陵区梨枣生长、光合特性及果实品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(2):370-378.
• [18]YANG Yuling,LIU Wenzhao,WANG Jun,ZHANG Yiwang.Ef?fects of potassium and organic fertilizer on photosynthetic physio?logical characteristics and yield of spring maize in dry lands[J].Acta Agriculture Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2009,18(3):116-121.杨玉玲,刘文兆,王俊,张益望.配施钾肥、有机肥对旱地春玉米光合生理特性和产量的影响[J].西北农业学报,2009,18(3):116-121.
• [19]JIN Jian,LIU Xiaobing,WANG Guanghua,HAN Xiaozeng,LI Yanhua,WANG Guodong.Effect of water and fertilization cou?pling on population leaf area and yield of spring wheat[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2005,27(3):241-244,247.金剑,刘晓冰,王光华,韩晓增,李艳华,王国栋.水肥耦合对春小麦群体叶面积及产量的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2005,27(3):241-244,247.
• [20]BALDI E,TOSELLI M,MARANGONI B.Nutrient partitioning in potted peach(Prunus persica L.)trees supplied with mineral and organic fertilizers[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2010,33:2050-2061.
• [21]IVANOVV G R,KUDOYAROVA G R,TRAPEZNIKOV V K.The effect of local application of fertilizer on the content of cytoki?nins in the xylem sap of maize[J].Biologia Plantarum,1998,41(4):587-590.