宣景宏;王冬梅;刘志;伊凯;吕德国;

• 1:沈阳农业大学
• 2:辽宁省果蚕管理总站
• 3:辽宁省果树科学研究所

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】为了确定‘七月鲜’苹果的最佳采收时期,【方法】以该品种不同着色度果实为试材,通过室内测定研究了果实主要组成成分在果实发育过程的变化动态。【结果】结果表明,绿熟、商熟、完熟3种成熟度果实的平均单果质量、果形指数差异不明显,随果实成熟,可溶性固形物含量、总糖含量、单宁含量、果皮花青苷含量显著升高,果肉硬度、可滴定酸含量显著下降;果实呼吸速率在绿熟期和完熟期较低,商熟期达到最高。主要香气成分为酯类、醇类、醛类、酮类、萜烯类和苯类;特征香气成分为丁酸乙酯、2-甲基丁酸乙酯、己酸乙酯、丙酸乙酯、乙醇、苯乙烯、3-甲基-4-羰基戊酸、甲苯、邻二甲苯和乙苯。【结论】‘七月鲜’属"酯香型"品种,商熟期采收最佳。

关键词(KeyWords)： 苹果;果实发育;香气成分

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家现代苹果产业技术体系项目

作者(Authors): 宣景宏;王冬梅;刘志;伊凯;吕德国;

DOI: 10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.2012.05.011

参考文献(References)：

• [1]ZHANG Jing-e,YI Kai,LIU Zhi,WANG Dong-mei,YANG Feng,YAN Zhong-ye,LIU Yan-jie.Qiyuexian,a hardy early season dual apple cultivar[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2007,24(6):865-866.张景娥,伊凯,刘志,王冬梅,杨峰,闰忠业,刘延杰.苹果抗寒早熟鲜食与加工兼用新品种‘七月鲜’的选育[J].果树学报,2007,24(6):865-866.
• [2]WANG Hai-bo,CHEN Xue-sen,ZHANG Chun-yu,LIU Chong-qi,WU Chuan-jin,TIAN Chang-ping,WANG Chao.Changes of aroma components during fruit maturation of two early apple cultivars[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2008,35(10):1419-1424.王海波,陈学森,张春雨,刘崇琪,吴传金,田长平,王超.两个早熟苹果品种不同成熟阶段果实香气成分的变化[J].园艺学报,2008,35(10):1419-1424.
• [3]FENG Tao,CHEN Xue-sen,ZHANG Yan-min,YUAN Zhao-he,WANG Kun,CAO Yu-fen,YAN Guo-rong,PENG Li-xin.HC-GC-MS analysis of volatile components in four Malus wild species fruits[J].Chinese Agricultural Bulltin,2010,26(9):250-254.冯涛,陈学森,张艳敏,苑兆和,王昆,曹玉芬,阎国荣,彭立新.4个苹果属野生种果实香气成分HS-GC-MS分析[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(9):250-254.
• [4]ROSA A,GEMMA E,JORDI G,LUISA L,ISABEL L.Lipoxygenase activity is involved in the regeneration of volatile ester-synthesizing sapacity after ultra-low oxygen storage of‘Fuji’apple[J].J Agric Food Chem,2009,57(10):4305-4312.
• [5]MARISTLLA V,COSTANZA V,ANNA R.The influence of harvest date on the volatile composition of Starkspur Gloden apples[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology,1995,6:225-234.
• [6]DRAWERT F,KLE R A,BERGER R G.Biotechnological flavorproduction.I.Optimization of(E)-2-hexen-1-al yields in plant tissue homogenates[J].Lebensmittel-wissenschaft and Technologie,1986,19:426-431.
• [7]NIE Lan-chun,SUN Jian-she,HUANG Rui-hong.The biosynthesis and affecting of aroma in some fruits[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2004,21:631-637.乜兰春,孙建设,黄瑞红.果实香气形成及其影响因素[J].植物学通报,2004,21:631-637.
• [8]MAO Zhi-quan,WANG Li-qin,SHEN Xiang,SHU Huai-rui,ZOU Yan-mei.Effect of organic materials on respiration intensity of an-nual Malus hupehensis Rehd.root system[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizing Science,2004,10(2):171-175.毛志泉,王丽琴,沈向,束怀瑞,邹岩梅.有机物料对平邑甜茶实生苗根系呼吸强度的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(2):171-175.
• [9]LAURENS F.Review of the current apple breeding programs in the world:objectives for scion cultivar development[J].Acta Hortic,1999,484:163-170.
• [10]ZHANG Yong-ping,QIAO Yong-xu,YU Jing-quan,ZHAO Zhi-zhong.Progress of researches of sugar accumulation mechanism of horticultural plant fruits[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2008,41(4):1151-1157.张永平,乔永旭,喻景权,赵智中.园艺植物果实糖积累的研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(4):1151-1157.
• [11]EBERHARDT M V,LEE C Y,LIU R H.Nutrition:antioxidant ac-tivity of fresh apples[J].Nature,2000(405):903-904.
• [12]SCHIRRMACHER G,SCHEMPP H.Antioxidative potential of flavonoid-rich extracts as new quality marker for different apple va-rieties[J].Journal Applied Botany,2003(77):163-166.
• [13]BRUNO D,DANIEL M,KIETSUDA L,MAURICIO G A.Aroma volatiles:biosynthesis and mechanisms of modulation during fruit ripening[J].Advances in Botanical Research,2009(50):1-37.
• [14]YUSUKE B,NAOMI O O,CHIKAKO H,MASAYOSHI N,TAKAYA M.Emitted and endogenous volatiles in‘Tsugaru’apple:The mech-anism of ester and(E,E)-α-farnesene accumulation[J].Food Chem-istry,2010,118(2):272-277.
• [15]DUAN Liang-liang,GUO Yu-rong,LI Jin-yun,KONG Xiang-hong,QIU Nong-xue,DENG Hong.Quality characteristic analysis of three apple varieties during growth and development periods[J].Food Science,2010,31(3):69-73.段亮亮,郭玉蓉,李锦运,孔祥宏,仇农学,邓红.秦冠、富士、澳洲青苹生长发育期间品质特性分析[J].食品科学,2010,31(3):69-73.
• [16]DUNEMANN F,ULRICH D,BOUDICHEVSKAIA A,GRAFE C,WEBER W E.QTL mapping of aroma compounds analysed by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography in the apple progeny‘Discovery’בPrima’[J].Molecular Breeding,2010,23(3):501-521.
• [17]ULRICH D,HOBERG E,FISCHER C.Diversity and dynamic of sen-sory related traits in different apple cultivars[J].Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality,2009,83:70-75.
• [18]WANG Hai-bo,LI Lin-guang,CHEN Xue-sen,LI Hui-feng,YANG Jian-ming,LIU Jia-fen,WANG Chao.Flavor compounds and flavor quality of fruits of mid-season apple cultivars[J].Scientia Agricul-tura Sinica,2010,43(11):2300-2306.王海波,李林光,陈学森,李慧峰,杨建明,刘嘉芬,王超.中早熟苹果品种果实的风味物质和风味品质[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(11):2300-2306.