丰水梨不同施氮量对果实品质形成及叶片生理特性的影响Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on fruit quality and leaf physiological metabolism of Hosui pear
陈磊;伍涛;张绍铃;姚改芳;陶书田;贾兵;苗永春;曹慧莲;
摘要(Abstract):
研究不同施氮量对丰水梨果实品质形成及叶片生理特征的影响,结果表明,丰水梨果实发育过程中以积累果糖和蔗糖为主,葡萄糖和山梨醇含量较低;适量施氮能提高果实可溶性总糖的含量,而过量施氮降低果糖和葡萄糖含量,从而降低可溶性糖总糖含量;适量施氮可提高叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素含量以及可溶性蛋白质含量,叶片光合指标净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)和气孔限制值(Ls)显著升高,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)下降,有利于叶片光合碳同化能力的增强和果实品质的形成;黄河故道地区沙土栽培的盛果期丰水梨园,果实膨大期纯氮施用量以每666.7m216.8kg为宜。
关键词(KeyWords): 丰水梨;氮;果实品质;生理特性
基金项目(Foundation): 国家公益性行业科技专项(3-38)
作者(Author): 陈磊;伍涛;张绍铃;姚改芳;陶书田;贾兵;苗永春;曹慧莲;
Email:
DOI: 10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.2010.06.023
参考文献(References):
- [1]ZHANG Shao-ling.Standard technology and reference of production and management in pear of Japan[J].South China Fruits,2002,31(3):46-48.张绍铃.日本的梨生产管理规范化技术与借鉴[J].中国南方果树,2002,31(3):46-48.
- [2]LIU Chang-hong,HAN Ming-yu,ZHANG Li-xin.The effects of fertilizer application at early summer on growth,yield and quality of Fu-ji apple in Weibei highland[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2008,26(1):62-66.刘长虹,韩明玉,张立新.初夏施肥对渭北旱塬红富士苹果生长、产量及品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2008,26(1):62-66.
- [3]PENG Fu-tian,JIANG Yuan-mao,GU Man-ru,SHU Huai-rui.Effect of nitrogen on apple fruit development in different load[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2002,35(6):690-694.彭福田,姜远茂,顾曼如,束怀瑞.不同负荷水平下氮素对苹果果实生长发育的影响[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(6):690-694.
- [4]LIU Yan,GAO Xia-hong,YAO Yun-cong.Research on nutrient ef-fect of different botanical organic fertilizers on young pear plant[Pyrus pyrifolia(Burm.f.)Nakai]in sandy soil[J].Scientia Agricul-tura Sinica,2008,41(8):2546-2553.刘艳,高遐虹,姚允聪.不同植物源有机肥对沙质土壤黄金梨幼树营养效应的研究[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(8):2546-2553.
- [5]HE Zhong-jun,TONG Yan-an,ZHANG Guo-wu,MA Lu-jun,LI Xiao-ping,ZHANG Guang-lin.Effect of potash application on theout put and quality of Dangshan Suli pear variety in loess area[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2002,19(1):8-11.何忠俊,同延安,张国武,马路军,李小平,张广林.钾对黄土区场山酥梨产量及品质的影响[J].果树学报,2002,19(1):8-11.
- [6]LI He-sheng.Laboratory essential and method of plant physiology andplantbiology[M].Beijing:HigherEducationPress,2000:165-167.李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:165-167.
- [7]LI Jun.Determination of vitamin C by molybdenum blue spectropho-tometry[J].Food Science,2000,21(8):42-43.李军.钼蓝比色法测定还原型维生素C[J].食品科学,2000,21(8):42-43.
- [8]NIE Ji-yun,LI Jing,YANG Zhen-feng,YANG Hong-jun,LI Ming-qiang.Study on the conditions for measuring stone cell content in pear flesh by freezing method[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2006,23(1):133-135.聂继云,李静,杨振锋,杨红军,李明强.冷冻法测定梨的石细胞含量[J].果树学报,2006,23(1):133-135.
- [9]GOMEZ L,RUBIO E,AUGE M.A new procedure for extraction and measurement of soluble sugars in ligneous plants[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2002,82:360-369.
- [10]ZHAO Zhi-zhong,ZHANG Shang-long,LIU Shuan-tao,CHEN Jun-wei,TAO Jun.Effects of extra nitrogenous fertilizer on sugar accumu-lation in juice sacs of Satsuma mandarin fruit[J].Acta Agri-culturae Nucleatae Sinica,2003,17(2):119-122.赵智中,张上隆,刘拴桃,陈俊伟,陶俊.高氮处理对温州蜜柑果实糖积累的影响[J].核农学报,2003,17(2):119-122.
- [11]WANG Dong,YU Zhen-wen,LI Yan-qi,SHI Gui-ping.Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rate on photosynthetic character,sucrose synthess in flag leaves and grain yield of strong gluten wheat jimai20[J].Acta Agronmica Sinica,2007,33(6):903-908.王东,于振文,李延奇,史桂萍.施氮量对济麦20旗叶光合特性和蔗糖合成及籽粒产量的影响[J].作物学报,2007,33(6):903-908.
- [12]SOLOMONSON L P,SPERHAR A M.Model for regulation of nitrate assimilation[J].Nature,1997,265:373-379.
- [13]ZHANG Xu-cheng,SHANGGUAN Zhou-ping.Effects of nitrogen application rate on nitrate reducetase activity,nitric oxide content and g-as exchange in winter wheat leaves[J].Chinese Journal of Ap-plied Ecology,2007,18(7):1447-1452.张绪成,上官周平.施氮量对小麦叶片硝酸还原酶活性、一氧化氮含量和气体交换的影响[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(7):1447-1452.
- [14]FENG Huan-de,LI Bing-zhi,ZHANG Lin-sen,JIN Hui-cui,LI Huan-bo,HAN Ming-yu.Influences of different rates of nitrogen on fruit quality,photosynthesis and element contents in leaves of red fuji apples[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2008,17(1):229-232.冯焕德,李丙智,张林森,金会翠,李焕波,韩明玉.不同施氮量对红富士苹果品质、光合作用和叶片元素含量的影响[J].西北农业学报,2008,17(1):229-232.
- [15]HAYASHI Shinji(author),WU Geng-min(translator).Pear[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Press,1981:217-218.林真二(著),吴耕民(译).梨[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1981:217-218.
- [16]LI Mei-gui,XIE Wen-long,XIE Zhong-chen,SHI Qing,LI Jian.Study on the optimum parameters of mineral nutrition in orchard for early season pear cultivars[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2008,25(4):473-477.李美桂,谢文龙,谢钟琛,施清,李健.早熟砂梨矿质营养适宜值研究[J].果树学报.2008,25(4):473-477.