李志;方金豹;齐秀娟;林苗苗;陈锦永;顾红;

• 1:中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所·中国农业科学院果树生长发育与品质控制重点开放实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】了解不同倍性的雄株对软枣猕猴桃坐果及果实性状的影响,为生产上授粉雄株的选配提供依据。【方法】选用二倍体、四倍体、六倍体雄株花粉分别为四倍体软枣猕猴桃‘红宝石星’授粉。授粉30 d后,统计各授粉组合的坐果率。果实收获后,调查单果质量、果形指数、果肉颜色、可溶性固形物含量、种子数、种子质量等性状。【结果】用二倍体中华猕猴桃雄株为四倍体软枣猕猴桃‘红宝石星’授粉,落果严重,坐果率很低(4.7%~6.1%);用四倍体中华猕猴桃‘磨山4号’授粉,雌株坐果率有所增加但仅有18.6%;而用六倍体美味猕猴桃雄株的花粉授粉后,雌株坐果率为52.4%~86.3%,与用四倍体的软枣猕猴桃雄株花粉授粉的坐果率相近。用四倍体的中华猕猴桃‘磨山4号’和六倍体的美味猕猴桃‘陶木里’花粉授粉,‘红宝石星’的单果质量、果肉色调角显著减小,果实中种子千粒重均减少,其中‘磨山4号’授粉处理引起种子千粒重显著减少。【结论】不同倍性的雄株显著影响了猕猴桃的坐果状况及果实的单果质量、果肉颜色、种子千粒重等性状。用二倍体中华猕猴桃雄株花粉为四倍体软枣猕猴桃‘红宝石星’授粉,坐果率很低(4.7%~6.1%),难以满足生产上需求。用四倍体中华猕猴桃雄株花粉授粉时,雌株坐果率有所提高(18.6%)。用六倍体美味猕猴桃雄株花粉授粉时,坐果率高达86.3%,与用四倍体的软枣猕猴桃雄株花粉授粉的坐果率相近,但果实鲜质量显著减小。

关键词(KeyWords)： 软枣猕猴桃;授粉;染色体倍性;坐果;果实性状

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 中国农业科学院科技创新工程专项(CASS-ASTIP-2015-ZFR1);; 河南省现代农业产业技术体系项目(S2014-11);; 陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划(2012KTJD03-03)

作者(Author): 李志;方金豹;齐秀娟;林苗苗;陈锦永;顾红;

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