李宏建;王宏;刘志;于年文;宋哲;张秀美;里程辉;

• 1:辽宁省果树科学研究所

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】掌握高纺锤形‘岳阳红’/‘77-34’/山定子苹果幼树至结果树树体结构参数、枝类组成比例、产量、果实品质形成的动态规律,为该自主知识产权良种良砧组合的优质高效生产提供理论依据。【方法】以山定子作基砧、分别嫁接‘77-34’和‘GM256’矮化中间砧并嫁接‘岳阳红’苹果品种为试材,调查2种砧穗组合树体在栽植后第2～7 a(年)的树体生长量、枝类比例、产量、果实品质的年生长动态变化。【结果】‘77-34’和‘GM256’中间砧对‘岳阳红’苹果树体生长、果实品质和产量的影响存在差异。2010—2016年‘77-34’中间砧树高、冠径、覆盖率和主枝数量增长速率高于‘GM256’中间砧;‘77-34’中间砧品种/矮化砧木干周粗度比值高于‘GM256’中间砧。与‘GM256’中间砧相比,‘77-34’中间砧总枝量增长速度高于‘GM256’中间砧,2015年(7 a生)‘77-34’中间砧总枝量与2016年(8 a生)‘GM256’中间砧总枝量相近;2种砧穗组合苹果树均在2012年开始结果,‘77-34’中间砧连续5 a的产量均高于‘GM256’中间砧,不同冠层高度内果实品质存在差异,上层果实单果质量、果形指数、固酸比、色差值等指标优于下层,相同冠层高度内,‘77-34’中间砧单果质量、硬度、固酸比、色差值等指标高于‘GM256’中间砧。【结论】‘77-34’中间砧致矮性弱于‘GM256’中间砧,总枝量和短枝比例高于‘GM256’中间砧,早果性与‘GM256’中间砧相当,但丰产性和果品质量优于‘GM256’中间砧。综合各性状指标,认为高纺锤形‘岳阳红’/‘77-34’/山定子砧穗组合综合表现优于‘岳阳红’/‘GM256’/山定子。

关键词(KeyWords)： 苹果;‘岳阳红’;‘77-34’;矮化中间砧;枝类组成;产量;品质

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-27);; 辽宁省果树产业技术体系(LNGSCYTX-13/14-3);; 辽宁省中央引导地方科技发展专项-地方科技创新项目示范(2016-2018);; 辽宁省科学事业公益研究基金(GY-2017-0043)

作者(Author): 李宏建;王宏;刘志;于年文;宋哲;张秀美;里程辉;

Email:

DOI: 10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20180206

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