张世祺;程琛;林伟杰;李歆博;朱东煌;陈立松;郭九信;李延;

• 1:福建农林大学资源与环境学院·福建省土壤环境健康与调控重点实验室
• 2:平和县农业局琯溪蜜柚综合试验站

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】研究福建省平和县‘琯溪蜜柚’园土壤和树体的硼素营养状况及其与果实粒化的关系。【方法】采集平和县314个蜜柚园土壤、叶片和果实样品,进行硼素营养和果实品质的测定。【结果】蜜柚园土壤有效硼含量(w,后同)范围为0·05～4·61 mg?kg~(-1),平均值为0·77 mg?kg~(-1),土壤有效硼低量(<0·5 mg?kg~(-1))、适宜(0·5～1 mg?kg~(-1))和高量(>1mg?kg~(-1))的比例分别为43·57%、33·54%和22·89%,0～60 cm土层土壤有效硼含量随土层深度的增加而降低,呈现明显的表聚特征。蜜柚叶片硼含量范围为9·61～252·02 mg?kg~(-1),平均值为72·47 mg?kg~(-1),叶片硼含量属于低量(<15 mg?kg~(-1))、适宜(15～50 mg?kg~(-1))和高量(>50 mg?kg~(-1))的比例分别为0·32%、24·84%和74·84%。叶片硼高量的比例显著高于土壤有效硼高量的比例,说明含硼叶面肥的过量施用是造成叶片硼含量高的主要原因。蜜柚果实硼含量范围为1·13～57·50mg?kg~(-1),平均值为14·07 mg?kg~(-1),果实硼含量8～16 mg?kg~(-1)和高于16 mg?kg~(-1)样品汁胞严重粒化(粒化率>40%)的比例分别较硼含量低于8 mg?kg~(-1)的样品提高了31·87%和31·89%。相关分析表明,果实硼含量与果实Ca/B比值呈极显著负相关(y=304·81x-0·63,r=0·77**),果实汁胞严重粒化(粒化率>40%)的比例随Ca/B比值的提高而降低。【结论】平和县蜜柚园土壤和叶片均存在硼过量的问题,硼过量可能会增加蜜柚果实汁胞粒化的风险,施用含钙肥料、提高果实Ca/B比值,可缓解果实汁胞粒化的程度。平和县蜜柚生产应限制含硼叶面肥的过量使用,增加含钙肥料的施用。

关键词(KeyWords)： 蜜柚园;土壤有效硼;叶片硼;果实硼;果实粒化

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家农业(柑橘)产业技术体系专项(CARS-26-01A);; 国家自然科学基金(31801947);; 福建省自然科学基金(2018J01708);; 福建农林大学科技创新专项(CXZX2017229);; 福建省大学生创新创业项目(201810389099)

作者(Author): 张世祺;程琛;林伟杰;李歆博;朱东煌;陈立松;郭九信;李延;

Email:

DOI: 10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20180395

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