王晓芳;相昆;孙岩;崔冬冬;亓雪龙;王来平;翟衡;李勃;

• 1:山东省果树研究所
• 2:山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】探究光氧化胁迫条件下叶面肥对葡萄叶片的保护及缓解效应。【方法】以设施栽培的‘巨峰’葡萄为试材,叶面喷施CaCl_2、NaHSO_3、氨基酸钙叶面肥、氨基酸钙叶面肥+NaHSO_3,然后叶片涂抹甲基紫精(MV)模拟光氧化胁迫,研究叶面肥对光氧化条件下葡萄叶片的光合、荧光参数、超氧阴离子(O_2^)产生速率、H_2O_2含量及MDA含量等的影响。【结果】叶片涂抹MV后发生光氧化胁迫,各处理的相关指标均发生改变,其指标表现均不如仅喷清水的对照,但与喷清水+MV处理相比,喷施叶面肥处理指标变化幅度均变小,不同程度地缓解了光氧化对葡萄叶片的伤害。喷清水+MV处理的净光合速率(P_n)下降幅度最大,比清水对照下降了47.9%,喷施氨基酸钙肥600倍液以及氨基酸钙肥600倍液+NaHSO_3的效果好,P_n下降幅度小,分别比喷清水+MV处理的低34.8个百分点和33.7个百分点,差异显著;气孔导度(G_s)变化趋势同P_n。初始荧光(F_0)指标,喷清水+MV处理增幅最大,为22.0%;喷施氨基酸钙600倍液+NaHSO_3处理的增幅最小,为5.1%,比前者低16.9个百分点;最大荧光F_m、PSⅡ最大光化学效率F_v/Fm、F_v/F_0、实际光化学效率Φ_(PSⅡ),喷施叶面肥处理下降幅度均小于喷清水+MV处理。各处理的超氧阴离子(O_2)产生速率、H_2O_2含量及MDA含量等的影响。【结果】叶片涂抹MV后发生光氧化胁迫,各处理的相关指标均发生改变,其指标表现均不如仅喷清水的对照,但与喷清水+MV处理相比,喷施叶面肥处理指标变化幅度均变小,不同程度地缓解了光氧化对葡萄叶片的伤害。喷清水+MV处理的净光合速率(P_n)下降幅度最大,比清水对照下降了47.9%,喷施氨基酸钙肥600倍液以及氨基酸钙肥600倍液+NaHSO_3的效果好,P_n下降幅度小,分别比喷清水+MV处理的低34.8个百分点和33.7个百分点,差异显著;气孔导度(G_s)变化趋势同P_n。初始荧光(F_0)指标,喷清水+MV处理增幅最大,为22.0%;喷施氨基酸钙600倍液+NaHSO_3处理的增幅最小,为5.1%,比前者低16.9个百分点;最大荧光F_m、PSⅡ最大光化学效率F_v/Fm、F_v/F_0、实际光化学效率Φ_(PSⅡ),喷施叶面肥处理下降幅度均小于喷清水+MV处理。各处理的超氧阴离子(O_2^)产生速率、H_2O_2含量、MDA含量增加幅度不同,其中喷清水+MV处理增加幅度最大,分别为56.0%、83.8%、34.8%;喷施叶面肥处理增加幅度均变小,其中喷施氨基酸钙600倍液+NaHSO_3处理的增加幅度最小,分别为19.4%、15.1%、0.99%,明显减轻了光氧化胁迫。【结论】综合各项指标,喷施叶面肥对葡萄光氧化胁迫有明显的缓解效应,以喷施氨基酸钙600倍液+NaHSO_3效果最好,建议在生产中选择应用。

关键词(KeyWords)： ‘巨峰’葡萄;光氧化;叶面肥;光合作用;叶绿素荧光;MDA;H2O2

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家现代葡萄产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-30);; 泰安市科技发展计划(2014NS54)

作者(Authors): 王晓芳;相昆;孙岩;崔冬冬;亓雪龙;王来平;翟衡;李勃;

DOI: 10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20160199

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