胡超琼;王仁梓;关长飞;禹庆峰;阮小凤;杨勇;

• 1:西北农林科技大学园艺学院

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】探讨利用孢粉学区分柿属植物种及品种的可能性,并通过聚类分析探讨其亲缘关系。【方法】利用扫描电镜观察了柿属植物(Diospyros)6个种、栽培柿(D.kaki)11个品种以及同时期的石榴科(Punicaceae)的石榴花(Punica granatum L.)、罂粟科(Papaveraceae Juss.)的虞美人(Papaver rhoeas L.)和秃疮花(Dicranostigma leptopodum),以及紫葳科(Bignoniaceae)的凌霄花(Campsis.grandiflora)共21份材料的花粉外部形态。在对花粉形态观察的基础上,对花粉6个数量性状极轴长(P)、赤道宽(E)、条纹长、条纹宽、萌发沟长和萌发孔大小进行观测,并进行统计与聚类分析。【结果】石榴花、秃疮花、虞美人以及凌霄花等植物的花粉外壁纹饰呈网状及瘤状突起状,与柿属植物特殊的谷穗状条纹结构相比有明显差异。其他11个栽培柿品种的花粉外壁纹饰也形态各异,大小不一。花蕾期的花粉粒普遍比盛开期的花粉粒大,且条纹也比较宽。盛开期的花粉外壁条纹比较干瘪稀疏,花蕾期的花粉外壁条纹则比较饱满紧密。此外,‘华中雄株’‘襄阳牛心柿’‘禅寺丸’与‘台湾正柿’等品种均出现了巨大花粉。聚类分析表明了这17种柿属植物的亲缘关系的远近。【结论】柿属植物花粉的表面纹饰与所选的4种非柿属植物相比较有明显差别,具有一定特异性和稳定性,可以根据其花粉形态来辨别其是否属于柿属植物;虽然柿属植物柿花粉形态大体比较类似,但在花粉外壁纹饰,花粉粒大小以及形状等方面存在一定差异,不仅为区分柿科的6个不同的种提供参考,也可以作为区分柿种下11个不同品种的辅助依据;同一品种花粉采集时间不同,其花粉形态也有所区别。此外,在‘禅寺丸’‘台湾正柿’等花粉中发现了巨大花粉(2n配子)的存在,对柿属植物种质创新有重要意义。

关键词(KeyWords)： 柿属植物;孢粉学;花粉形态;聚类分析

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 农业部种质资源保护项目(2017NWB035);; 科技部国家农作物种质资源共享服务平台(NICGR2017-50);; 陕西省科技统筹特色产业创新链项目(2016KTTSNY01-06,2016KTTSNY01-02)

作者(Author): 胡超琼;王仁梓;关长飞;禹庆峰;阮小凤;杨勇;

Email:

DOI: 10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20170395

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