王辉;傅彩琦;姜亦文;杜远鹏;翟衡;

• 1:山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院.作物生物学国家重点实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】研究设施内不同土壤管理模式对提升地温及春季葡萄生长发育的影响,以期为葡萄设施栽培提供理论及技术支持。【方法】以2 a(年)生酿酒葡萄‘赤霞珠’(Vitis vinifera‘Cabernet Sauvigon’)/3309M嫁接苗为试材,进行"裙膜"覆盖、地膜覆盖和起垄栽培,以平地裸露栽培为对照的土壤管理模式,研究其对设施内地温、土壤理化性状及春季葡萄生长发育的影响。【结果】设施地温明显滞后于气温,无论晴天还是阴天,地温明显滞后于气温2 h左右,"裙膜"覆盖后仅滞后于气温1 h左右,升温更快。"裙膜"覆盖的地温比对照提高1.2～1.5℃,比垄栽提高1.1～2.4℃,黑地膜覆盖效果与其相当。在2017年12月—2018年2月期间,设施内环境温度大于10℃的时间共计888 h(折合37 d),对照地温大于10℃的时间共计1 385 h(58 d),起垄共计1 197 h(50 d),黑色地膜覆盖共计1 501 h(62.5 d),而"裙膜"覆盖后共计高达1 510 h(63 d),持续时间长。第45天测定,与对照相比,"裙膜"处理的土壤相对含水量显著增加23.9%,土壤容重显著降低16.7%,土壤孔隙度则显著提高19.8%。与对照相比,"裙膜"处理的‘赤霞珠’葡萄根和芽中,生长素合成及转运基因的表达量都明显上调,外在表现为发芽期显著提前7～10 d,展叶期提前5～7 d,根系生长量比对照显著增加了32.9%,根系活力提高了13.8%。对发芽效果(时间及整齐度)来说,"裙膜"覆盖效果最好,黑地膜覆盖及起垄栽培效果次之。【结论】"裙膜"覆盖可以显著提高设施地温,有效改善土壤紧实度及土壤通气性,并有助于保持土壤含水量,提早葡萄发芽进程,促进春季葡萄生长发育。

关键词(KeyWords)： 葡萄;设施;地温;滞后;裙膜;物候期

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 山东省重大科技创新工程（2018CXG0306）;; 山东省公益性重点研发计划（2017GNC13112）;; 现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-29）;; 教育部“长江学者和创新团队发展计划”项目（IRT15R42）

作者(Author): 王辉;傅彩琦;姜亦文;杜远鹏;翟衡;

Email:

DOI: 10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20190205

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