王辉;傅彩琦;姜亦文;杜远鹏;翟衡;

• 1:山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院.作物生物学国家重点实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】研究设施内不同土壤管理模式对提升地温及春季葡萄生长发育的影响,以期为葡萄设施栽培提供理论及技术支持。【方法】以2 a(年)生酿酒葡萄‘赤霞珠’(Vitis vinifera‘Cabernet Sauvigon’)/3309M嫁接苗为试材,进行"裙膜"覆盖、地膜覆盖和起垄栽培,以平地裸露栽培为对照的土壤管理模式,研究其对设施内地温、土壤理化性状及春季葡萄生长发育的影响。【结果】设施地温明显滞后于气温,无论晴天还是阴天,地温明显滞后于气温2 h左右,"裙膜"覆盖后仅滞后于气温1 h左右,升温更快。"裙膜"覆盖的地温比对照提高1.2～1.5℃,比垄栽提高1.1～2.4℃,黑地膜覆盖效果与其相当。在2017年12月—2018年2月期间,设施内环境温度大于10℃的时间共计888 h(折合37 d),对照地温大于10℃的时间共计1 385 h(58 d),起垄共计1 197 h(50 d),黑色地膜覆盖共计1 501 h(62.5 d),而"裙膜"覆盖后共计高达1 510 h(63 d),持续时间长。第45天测定,与对照相比,"裙膜"处理的土壤相对含水量显著增加23.9%,土壤容重显著降低16.7%,土壤孔隙度则显著提高19.8%。与对照相比,"裙膜"处理的‘赤霞珠’葡萄根和芽中,生长素合成及转运基因的表达量都明显上调,外在表现为发芽期显著提前7～10 d,展叶期提前5～7 d,根系生长量比对照显著增加了32.9%,根系活力提高了13.8%。对发芽效果(时间及整齐度)来说,"裙膜"覆盖效果最好,黑地膜覆盖及起垄栽培效果次之。【结论】"裙膜"覆盖可以显著提高设施地温,有效改善土壤紧实度及土壤通气性,并有助于保持土壤含水量,提早葡萄发芽进程,促进春季葡萄生长发育。

关键词(KeyWords)： 葡萄;设施;地温;滞后;裙膜;物候期

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 山东省重大科技创新工程（2018CXG0306）;; 山东省公益性重点研发计划（2017GNC13112）;; 现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-29）;; 教育部“长江学者和创新团队发展计划”项目（IRT15R42）

作者(Author): 王辉;傅彩琦;姜亦文;杜远鹏;翟衡;

Email:

DOI:

参考文献(References)：

• [1]田野，陈冠铭，李家芬，向雄鹰，刘扬，李宏杨.世界葡萄产业发展现状[J].热带农业科学，2018,38(6):96-101.TIAN Ye,CHEN Guanming,LI Jiafen,XIANG Xiongying,LIU Yang,LI Hongyang. Present development of grape industry in the world[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture,2018,38(6):96-101.
• [2]刘凤之.中国葡萄栽培现状与发展趋势[J].落叶果树，2017,49(1):1-4.LIU Fengzhi. Current situation and development trend of viticulture in China[J]. Deciduous Fruits,2017,49(1):1-4.
• [3]田淑芬.中国葡萄产业与科技发展[J].农学学报，2018,8(1):135-139.TIAN Shufen. The development of grape industry and technology in China[J]. Journal of Agriculture,2018,8(1):135-139.
• [4]王世平，李勃.中国设施葡萄发展概况[J].落叶果树，2019,51(1):1-5.WANG Shiping,LI Bo. Development of protected grape cultivation in China[J]. Deciduous Fruit,2019,51(1):1-5.
• [5] ALBURQUERQUE N,GARCIA-MONTIEL F,CARRILLO A,BURGOS L. Chilling and heat requirements of sweet cherry cultivars and the relationship between altitude and the probability of satisfying the chill requirements[J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany,2008,64(2):162-170.
• [6]王西成，钱亚明，赵密珍，吴伟民，王庆莲.设施葡萄萌芽调控中需冷量和需热量及其相互关系[J].植物生理学报，2014,50(3):309-314.WANG Xicheng,QIAN Yaming,ZHAO Mizhen,WU Weimin,WANG Qinglian. Chilling and heat requirements and their relationship in budburst regulation of Vitis vinifera L. for protected cultivation[J]. Plant Physiology Journal,2014,50(3):309-314.
• [7] GIANFAGNA T J,MEHLENBACHER S A. Importance of heat requirement for bud break and time of flowering in apple[J].Hort Science,1985,20(5):909-911.
• [8] SPARKS D. Chilling and heating model for pecan budbreak[J].Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,1993,118(1):29-35.
• [9]王海波，王孝娣，王宝亮，魏长存，刘万春，何锦兴，刘凤之.设施葡萄常用品种的需冷量、需热量及2者关系研究[J].果树学报，2011,28(1):37-41.WANG Haibo,WANG Xiaodi,WANG Baoliang,WEI Changcun,LIU Wanchun,HE Jinxing,LIU Fengzhi. Chilling and heat requirements and relationship between them for major grape cultivars under protected culture[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,2011,28(1):37-41.
• [10]孙鲁龙，许丽丽，杜远鹏，翟衡.有效积温与葡萄萌芽进程的关系[J].植物生理学报，2016,66(8):1263-1270.SUN Lulong,XU Lili,DU Yuanpeng,ZHAI Heng. The relationship of effective accumulated temperature and bud burst in grapevine[J]. Plant Physiology Journal,2016,66(8):1263-1270.
• [11]贺普超.葡萄学[M].北京:中国农业出版社，1999.HE Puchao. Grape science[M]. Beijing:China Agricultural Press,1999.
• [12]翟衡.中国果树科学与实践-葡萄[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社，2015:38-48.ZHAI Heng. Fruit tree science and practice in China-grape[M].Xi’an:Shanxi Science and Technology Press,2015:38-48.
• [13]赵世杰，史国安，董新纯.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社，2015:55-57.ZHAO Shijie,SHI Guo’an,DONG Xinchun. Experimental guidance of plant physiology[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2015:55-57.
• [14] JACKSON D. I,LOMBARD P B. Environmental and management practices affecting grape composition and wine quality-a review[J]. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture,1993,44(4):409-430.
• [15] JONES G V,DAVIS R E. Climate influences on grapevine phenology,grape composition,and wine production and quality for Bordeaux,France[J]. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture,2000,51(3):249-261.
• [16]孙鲁龙，宋伟，杜远鹏，翟衡.简易覆盖对泰安地区酿酒葡萄园冬季土壤温湿度的影响[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒，2015,40(4):12-16.SUN Lulong,SONG Wei,DU Yuanpeng,ZHAI Heng. Effects of easily operated cover pattern on temperature and humidity of vineyard soil in winter in the region of Tai’an[J]. Sino-Overseas Grapevine&Wine,2015,40(4):12-16.
• [17]冯瑞云，崔福柱，杨武德，郝建平，南建福.不同局部灌溉方式对玉米叶片生理指标的影响[J].灌溉排水学报，2010,29(3):102-104.FENG Ruiyun,CUI Fuzhu,YANG Wude,HAO Jianping,NAN Jianfu. Effects of different local irrigation methods on physiological indexes of maize leaves[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2010,29(3):102-104.
• [18]王敏，李建设，高艳明.限根栽培对日光温室樱桃番茄植株生长和品质的影响[J].西北农业学报，2014,23(7):131-137.WANG Min,LI Jianshe,GAO Yanming. Effects of root-restriction cultivation in greenhouse on the growth and quality of cherry tomato[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica,2014,23(7):131-137.
• [19]呼生春.不同有机酿热物对设施葡萄生长发育及土壤环境的影响[D].银川：宁夏大学，2015.HU Shengchun. Effects of different organic ferment materials on protected grape growth and soil environment[D]. Yinchuan:Ningxia University,2015.
• [20]张子山，杨程，高辉远，王未未，孙学娟，孟祥龙，孟庆伟.低温光抑制恢复过程中黄瓜叶片PSⅡ活性及其电子传递对PSⅠ的影响[J].应用生态学报，2012,23(4):1049-1054.ZHANG Zishan,YANG Cheng,GAO Huiyuan,WANG Weiwei,SUN Xuejuan,MENG Xianglong,MENG Qingwei. Effects of cucumber leaf’s PSⅡactivity and electron transfer on its PSⅠactivity in recovery process after chilling-induced photoinhibition[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(4):1049-1054.
• [21] MUILU-MAKELA R,VUOSKU J,SAARINEN M,HAMBERG L,RUOTSALAINEN S,HAGGMAN H,&SARJALA T. Coping with spring frost-effects on polyamine metabolism of Scots pine seedlings[J]. Forest Biogeosciences&Forestry,2017,10(1):227
• [22] ZHOU Y,HUANG L,ZHANG Y,SHI K,YU J,NOGUES S.Chill-induced decrease in capacity of RuBP carboxylation and associated H2O2accumulation in cucumber leaves are alleviated by grafting onto figleaf gourd[J]. Annals of Botany,2007,100(4):839-848.
• [23] HUANG L K,WONG S C,TERASHIMA I,ZHAND X. Chilling injury in mature leaves of rice. i. varietal differences in the effects of chilling on canopy photosynthesis under simulated‘dry cold dew wind’conditions experienced in south-east china[J]. Functional Plant Biology,1989,16:1-10.
• [24] SUZUKI K,NAGASUGA K,OKADA M. The chilling injury induced by high root temperature in the leaves of rice seedlings[J].Plant and Cell Physiology,2008,49(3):433-442.