甜樱桃新种质种内及与中国樱桃种间杂交效率分析Analysis the efficiency of inter and intra-specific hybridization of new cultivars of sweet cherry and chinese cherry
吴延军;武凯翔;袁玥;董梦梦;
摘要(Abstract):
【目的】探索甜樱桃新种质种内及种间杂交育种规律,提高南方甜樱桃杂交育种效率。【方法】以适宜浙江省种植的甜樱桃新种质为母本,以甜樱桃和中国樱桃为父本开展甜樱桃种内及种间杂交试验,调查坐果率、有胚率、胚败育率和F0果实品质等指标,进行杂交效率分析。【结果】授粉7 d后,供试母本的种内及种间坐果率都比较高,随果实发育,至授粉后28 d及成熟期都有不同程度较大幅度的下降。同母本种内杂交坐果率高于种间的。供试母本中‘朝阳一号’的种内、种间杂交坐果率均最高;坐果率最低的为‘长丰一号’的种间杂交组合。同一母本种内组合比种间组合有胚率高、败育率低。杂种胚成熟时败育率高,仅有4个组合可以得到未败育胚。杂交果未成熟胚败育率低这为胚培养提供了可能。供试母本‘朝阳一号’未成熟胚最好,坐果率高有胚率高败育率低‘;江南红’有胚率低,败育程度最高‘;长丰一号’及‘先锋’居中,母本优选‘朝阳一号’;供试父本未成熟胚中‘朝阳一号’和‘紫晶’较好。F0果实成熟期推迟,颜色及形状均表现出了母本果实开放授粉的色泽及形状;可溶性固形物种含量间杂交果低于种内的,均低于开放授粉的母本果实。为获得杂交后代,南方甜樱桃杂交育种可以采用3种方法:利用主产区的杂交后代在南方进行筛选;在南方杂交后进行胚挽救或者尝试混合花粉的开放授粉。【结论】甜樱桃种新种质种内及种间组合不同坐果率、杂种胚发育均存在较大差异。同一母本种内杂交坐果率高且败育率低。供试种质中‘朝阳一号’是较好的父母本。
关键词(KeyWords): 甜樱桃;中国樱桃;种内杂交;种间杂交;育种效率
基金项目(Foundation): 浙江省农业新品种选育重大科技专项果品新品种选育(2016C02052-9);; 第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动
作者(Author): 吴延军;武凯翔;袁玥;董梦梦;
Email:
DOI: 10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20190305
参考文献(References):
- [1]张开春,闫国华,张晓明,王晶,段续伟.中国甜樱桃的栽培历史、生产现状及发展建议[J].落叶果树,2017,49(6):1-5.ZHANG Kaichun,YAN Guohua,ZHANG Xiaoming,WANG jing,DUAN Xuwei. Present situation and development suggestions of chinese sweet cherry cultivation history[J]. Deciduous Fruit,2017,49(6):1-5.
- [2]陈学森,杨红花,刘焕芳,李玉晖,冯宝春.利用远缘杂交创造核果类果树新种质的研究[J].落叶果树,2004(6):4-6.CHEN Xuesen,YANG Honghua,LIU Huanfang,LI Yuhui,FENG Baochun. Employing distant hybridization to create new germplasm of stone fruit trees[J]. Deciduous Fruit,2004(6):4-6.
- [3] SCHUSTER M,GRAFE C,HOBERG E,SCHüTZE W. Interspecific hybridization in sweet and sour cherry breeding[J]. Acta Horticulture,2013(10):79-86.
- [4]刘庆忠,张力思,李勃,魏海蓉,艾呈祥,赵红军.甜樱桃矮化砧木新品种‘吉塞拉6号’[J].园艺学报,2006,33(1):213.LIU Qingzhong,ZHANG Lisi,LI Bo,WEI Hairong,AI Chengxiang,ZHAO Hongjun. A new cherry dwarf rootstock variety‘Jisaila 6’[J]. Acta Horticulturac Sinica,2006,33(1):213.
- [5]于福顺,姜林,刘方新,张翠玲,刘之洲,王正欣.甜樱桃砧木的利用与发展建议[J].果树学报,2014,31(增刊):18-21.YU Fushun,JIANG Lin,LIU Fangxin,ZHANG Cuiling,LIU Zhizhou,WANG Zhengxin. Suggestions on the development and utilization of the sweet cherry rootstocks[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,2014,31(Suppl.):18-21.
- [6]郑玮,潘凤荣.我国选育的甜樱桃品种特点分析及展望[J].中国果树,2016(3):51-54.ZHENG Wei,PAN Fengrong. Analysis and prospect of the characteristics of sweet cherry varieties selected in China[J]. China Fruits,2016(3):51-54.
- [7]吴延军,刘庆忠,陈鸿才,吴江,陈再宏,郑家祥.适宜亚热带地区种植的甜樱桃新品种‘江南红’[J].园艺学报,2018,45(S2):2721-2722.WU Yanjun,LIU Qingzhong,CHEN Hongcai,WU Jiang,CHEN Zaihong,ZHENG Jiaxiang. A new sweet cherry cultivar‘Jiangnan Hong’in subtropical region[J]. Acta Horticulturac Sinica,2018,45(S2):2721-2722.
- [8]李明,赵改荣,刘聪利,李玉红,黄贞光,耿乐乐.早熟欧洲甜樱桃高效胚培养成苗技术研究[J].果树学报,2014,31(增刊):70-73.LI Ming,ZHAO Gairong,LIU Congli,LI Yuhong,HUANG Zhenguang,GENG Lele. High seeding percentage obtained by embryo culture of the early maturing sweet cherry(Prunus avium)[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,2014,31(Suppl.):70-73.
- [9]程和禾,吴雅琴,吴永杰,李玉生,陈龙,赵艳华.甜樱桃杂交后代自交亲和性鉴定[J].河北农业科学,2012,16(7):63-65.CHENG Hehe,WU Yaqin,WU Yongjie,LI Yusheng,CHEN Long,ZHAO Yanhua. Identification of self-compatibility of hybrid progenies of sweet cherry[J]. Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences,2012,16(7):63-65.
- [10]李春侨,周龙,陆彪,刘春燕,董凯向.天山樱桃野生居群遗传多样性ISSR分析[J].分子植物育种,2017,15(6):2420-2426.LI Chunqiao,ZHOU Long,LU Biao,LIU Chunyan,DONG Kaixiang. Analysis of genetic diversity of wild Cerasus tianschanica populations by SSR molecular markers[J]. Molecular Plant Breeding,2017,15(6):2420-2426.
- [11]杜含梅,王小蓉,陈涛,张宏伟,杜涛.中国樱桃种内及与欧洲甜樱桃杂交的初步分析[J].广西植物,2015(2):227-230.DU Hanmei,WANG Xiaorong,CHEN Tao,ZHANG Hongwei,DU Tao. Preliminary study on intraspecific hybridization of Cerasus pseudocerasus and interspecific hybridization with C. avium[J]. Guihaia,2015(2):227-230.
- [12]王浩,黄智林,陈涛,张静,王燕,陈清,汤浩茹,王小蓉.基于ITS序列的中国樱桃、欧洲甜樱桃和毛樱桃种内遗传多样性及种间关系分析[J].园艺学报,2018,45(1):126-138.WANG Hao,HUANG Zhilin,CHEN Tao,ZHANG Jing,WANG Yan,CHEN Qing,TANG Haoru,WANG Xiaorong. Genetic diversity and relationship analysis among Cerasus pseudocerasus,C. avium,and C. tomentosa based on internal transcribed spacer(ITS)sequences[J]. Acta Horticulturac Sinica,2018,45(1):126-138.
- [13]王钦丽,卢龙斗,吴小琴,陈祖铿,林金星.花粉的保存及其生活力测定[J].植物学通报,2002,19(3):365-373.WANG Qinli,LU Longdou,WU Xiaoqin,CHEN Zukeng,LIN Jinxing. Pollen preservation and its viability test[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2002,19(3):365-373.
- [14]吴延军,戚行江,周慧芬,袁玥,武凯翔.浙江省甜樱桃品种选育现状与发展策略[J].果树学报,2018,35(12):1559-1564.WU Yanjun,QI Xingjiang,ZHOU Huifen,YUAN Yue,WU Kaixiang. Current situation and strategies of sweet cherry breeding in Zhejiang province[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,2018,35(12):1559-1564.
- [15]孙玉刚,王绛辉,秦志华,闫桂红.甜樱桃授粉不结实的原因及授粉品种的配置[J].落叶果树,2007,36(6):15-19.SUN Yugang,WANG Jianghui,QIN Zhihua,YAN Guihong.Reasons for pollination of sweet cherry and the configuration of pollination varieties[J]. Deciduous Fruits,2007,36(6):15-19.
- [16]杨红花,陈学森,冯宝春,刘焕芳,郑洲.利用远缘杂交创造核果类果树新种质的研究Ⅱ.李、杏远缘杂种胚抢救及杂种鉴定[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(8):1203-1207.YANG Honghua,CHEN Xuesen,FENG Baochun,LIU Huanfang,ZHENG Zhou. Creating new germplasm by distant hybridization in stone fruitsⅡ. embryo rescue and hybrid identification between plum and apricot[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2004,37(8):1203-1207.