肖遥;张新忠;王忆;吴婷;韩振海;

• 1:中国农业大学园艺植物研究所

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】评价苹果砧木杂种后代的生根能力、耐盐碱性和对苹果腐烂病的抗病性。【方法】以八棱海棠בM9’杂种后代为试材,在对2 a生实生苗田间黄化指数调查的同时,对杂种后代无性系绿枝扦插苗的生根移栽率、100 mmol·L-1Na Cl处理30 d后的盐害指数、p H 9.0的Na2CO3处理30 d后的碱害指数及落叶后1 a生枝离体接种苹果腐烂病菌后的抗病性进行了观测。【结果】生根移栽率100%的株系占49.63%。田间黄化指数、盐害指数及碱害指数均表现明显变异,变异系数分别为69.17%、98.29%和74.95%。腐烂病感染度变异系数为27.26%。黄化指数观测中,供试的2 007株实生苗分离为高耐黄化、耐黄化、中等耐黄化、低耐黄化和不耐黄化5个等级,分别占群体的10.16%、17.44%、34.78%、21.62%和15.99%;耐盐性观测中,供试的762个株系分离为22.05%高耐盐、41.86%耐盐、25.85%中等耐盐、8.27%低耐盐和1.97%不耐盐;耐碱性观测中,供试的1 016个株系分离为37.60%高耐碱、29.72%耐碱、19.69%中等耐碱、9.74%低耐碱和3.25%不耐碱;黄化指数与盐害指数的相关系数r=-0.001,黄化指数与碱害指数的相关系数r=0.056,盐害指数与碱害指数的相关系数r=0.055。抗腐烂病观测中,供试的1 108株实生苗分离为8.66%抗腐烂病、51.53%中抗腐烂病、26.90%中感腐烂病和12.91%感腐烂病。【结论】杂种实生苗绿枝扦插生根移栽率在100%的株系占49.63%,后代生根能力强。杂种后代在耐盐性、耐碱性和耐田间黄化能力之间的相关性,均未达显著水平。综合上述观测的5个性状的表型,筛选出抗病抗逆初选优系5个。

关键词(KeyWords)： 苹果;砧木;耐盐性;耐碱性;黄化指数;苹果腐烂病

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203075,201303093);; 国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD02B01);; 国家现代苹果产业技术体系(CARS-28)

作者(Authors): 肖遥;张新忠;王忆;吴婷;韩振海;

DOI: 10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20150103

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