上海地区甜樱桃改良型篱壁式栽培模式初步评估A preliminary evaluation of tree growth of sweet cherries under modified upright fruiting offshoots(UFO) system in Shanghai
陈晓丹;王磊;马超;张才喜;严雨洁;毕思赟;王杰;彭勇政;许文平;王世平;
摘要(Abstract):
【目的】对上海暖地条件下的甜樱桃改良型篱壁式栽培模式进行初步评价与优化。【方法】结合避雨设施和矮化砧木Gisela 5的应用,对苗木不同栽植方式、定植时修剪策略与定植角度及苗木质量等条件下篱壁式甜樱桃的生长特性进行对比研究。【结果】上海立地条件下,根域限制能有效抑制营养生长、提高成枝率和优化枝类组成;定植角度>30°、短截苗木和采用组培的G5嫁接苗均有利于甜樱桃的营养生长,快速成形,不利于短果枝的形成,枝类组成较劣。【结论】上海地区甜樱桃宜采用改良型篱壁式栽培模式建园,结合根域限制栽植方式有利于提早花芽形成和提高花芽比率,定植时苗木不宜进行短截,苗木定植角度≤30°且选择长势中庸苗木为佳。
关键词(KeyWords): 甜樱桃;上海地区;篱壁式;根域限制;定植角度
基金项目(Foundation): 农业部“948”项目(2013-Z23);; 上海市科委项目(10391900100)
作者(Author): 陈晓丹;王磊;马超;张才喜;严雨洁;毕思赟;王杰;彭勇政;许文平;王世平;
Email:
DOI: 10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20150532
参考文献(References):
- [1]王磊,张才喜,王小龙,李节法,杨琪,王世平.暖地甜樱桃砧穗组合适应性研究[J].果树学报,2014(S1):139-145.WANG Lei,ZHANG Caixi,WANG Xiaolong,LI Jiefa,YANG Qi,WANG Shiping.Studies on scion/rootstock adaptability of sweet cherries(Prunus avium)in warm region[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2014(S1):139-145.
- [2]王世平,袁彩娟,戴韵婷,舒缓,杨天仪,张才喜.上海地区栽培的欧洲甜樱桃花器发育的观察[J].园艺学报,2004(3):357-359.WANG Shiping,YUAN Caijuan,DAI Yunting,SHU Huan,YANG Tianyi,ZHANG Caixi.Development of flower organs in sweet cherry in Shanghai area[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2004(3):357-359.
- [3]张才喜,王磊,王世平.南方暖地甜樱桃短低温品种选育和利用[J].中国南方果树,2013,42(4):48-51.ZHANG Caixi,WANG Lei,WANG Shiping.Selection and utilization of low-chilling sweet cherry cultivars in the south warm winter region[J].South China Fruits,2013,42(4):48-51.
- [4]李勃,王磊,张才喜,王世平.上海地区使用单氰胺打破甜樱桃休眠的效果[J].中国南方果树,2011,40(5):22-25.LI Bo,WANG Lei,ZHANG Caixi,WANG Shiping.Effect of hydrogen cyanamide on breaking the dormancy of sweet cherry in Shanghai[J].South China Fruits,2011,40(5):22-25.
- [5]李延菊,孙庆田,张序,姜学玲,李淑平,田长平,张福兴.避雨栽培对大樱桃园生态因子及生理特性的影响[J].果树学报,2014(S1):90-97.LI Yanju,SUN Qingtian,ZHANG Xu,JIANG Xueling,LI Shuping,TIAN Changping,ZHANG Fuxing.Effects of rain-shelter cultivation on ecological factors and physiological characteristics of sweet cherry[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2014(S1):90-97.
- [6]孙军杰,孙玉胜,李延菊.甜樱桃裂果及预防措施[J].烟台果树,2012(3):51-52.SUN Junjie,SUN Yusheng,LI Yanju.The mechanism and control of fruit cracking in sweet cherries[J].Yantai Fruits,2012(3):51-52.
- [7]张阁,朱国英,刘成连,原永兵,李志军,王永章.甜樱桃果实果肉Ca2+质量浓度变化规律及其与裂果的关系[J].果树学报,2008,25(5):646-649.ZHANG Ge,ZHU Guoying,LIU Chenglian,YUAN Yongbing,LI Zhijun,WANG Yongzhang.Change of Ca2+concentration in sweet cherry(Prunus avium L.)fruit and its relationship with fruit cracking[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2008,25(5):646-649.
- [8]张琪静,谷大军.甜樱桃果实裂果机理研究进展[J].果树学报,2014,31(4):704-709.ZHANG Qijing,GU Dajun.A review of the mechanisms of fruit cracking in sweet cherries[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2014,31(4):704-709.
- [9]张英霞.甜樱桃防雨棚栽培技术应用研究[J].中国园艺文摘,2009(11):31.ZHANG Yingxia.Studies on the rain-sheltering cultivation technique of sweet cherries[J].Chinese Horticulture Abstracts,2009(11):31.
- [10]BLA?KOVáJ.Resistance to abiotic and biotic stressors in sweet cherry rootstocks and cultivars from the Czech Republic[J].Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research,2004,12:303-311.
- [11]WHITING M.The UFO system:A novel architecture for high efficiency sweet cherry orchards[C]//Proceeding of the IXth International Symposium on Integrating Canopy,Rootstock and Environmental Physiology in Orchard Systems,2008.
- [12]李勃.上海地区甜樱桃生物学特性及单氰胺打破休眠研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2011.LI Bo.Studies on the biological characteristics of sweet cherry in Shanghai and the effect of hygrogen cyanamide on dormancy breaking[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiaotong University,2011.
- [13]魏海蓉,李勃,张力思,刘庆忠.砧木对红灯甜樱桃幼树生长及枝类组成的影响[J].落叶果树,2006(1),9-10.WEI Hairong,LI Bo,ZHANG Lisi,LIU Qingzhong.Effects of rootstocks on the growth of young trees and branch type of sweet cherries[J].Deciduous Fruits,2006(1):9-10.
- [14]王世平,张才喜,罗菊花,邵浩,郭庆海,朱丽娜.果树根域限制栽培研究进展[J].果树学报,2002,19(5):298-301.WANG Shiping,ZHANG Caixi,LUO Juhua,SHAO Hao,GUO Qinghai,ZHU Lina.Advances in research of rooting-zone restricted fruit growing[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2002,19(5):298-301.
- [15]孙玉刚.甜樱桃种质资源评价与高效种植技术调查研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2004.SUN Yugang.Study on evaluation of germplasm and cultivated technology in sweet cherry[D].Tai'an:Shandong Agricultural University,2004.
- [16]WEBSTER A D,ATKINSON C J,VAUGHAN S J,LUCAS A S.Controlling the shoot growth and cropping of sweet cherry trees using root pruning or root restriction techniques[C]//ISHS Acta Horticulturae 451:VI International Symposium on Integrated Canopy,Rootstock,Environmental Physiology in Orchard Systems,1996:643-652.
- [17]艾沙江·买买提,杨清,王晶晶,刘国杰.短截、拉枝、刻芽对苹果枝条不同部位芽激素含量的影响[J].园艺学报,2013,40(8):1437-1444.AI SHA JIANG·Maimaiti,YANG Qing,WANG Jingjing,LIU Guojie.Effects of cutting back,branch-bending and bud-notching treatments on endogenous hormones in the buds of Fuji apple[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2013,40(8):1437-1444.