袁梦;张超博;李有芳;江才伦;淳长品;彭良志;

• 1:西南大学柑橘研究所·国家柑橘工程技术研究中心

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】比较柑橘高接换种后中间砧不同抑萌和除萌处理的效果和成本,以及对嫁接芽树冠形成的影响。【方法】在‘卡里佐’枳橙砧‘塔罗科’血橙高接换种为‘龙回红’脐橙后,对暴露枝干(中间砧)分别用防草布包裹、石硫涂白剂和新型复合涂料涂刷以防止中间砧萌蘖和高温日灼,对发生的萌蘖采用不同的除萌方法(刀削芽眼、掐断嫩芽留带叶芽桩、抹芽、抹芽后涂NAA)处理,调查统计萌蘖量、日灼、嫁接芽生长和树冠形成情况,并对其成本进行比较。【结果】各抑萌处理都有效延缓了萌蘖时间,萌蘖量随时间推移而下降;防草布、石硫涂白剂和复合涂料抑萌处理的中间砧萌蘖总数分别比对照减少83.7%、24.9%和42.1%;与对照相比,3个抑萌处理均显著促进了高接的‘龙回红’脐橙第1次新梢生长,但对第2次和第3次新梢生长无显著影响,防草布处理则显著削弱了第4次新梢的生长;防草布、石硫涂白剂、复合涂料和对照中间砧日灼斑平均发生数量分别为4.7、1.4、0.8、2.6个,25%对照的中间砧出现树皮坏死感染现象;抑萌处理以防草布成本最高,复合涂料和石硫涂白剂次之。除萌处理方面,刀削芽眼和抹芽后涂NAA处理均能有效抑制原芽眼再次萌发,原芽眼再萌率分别为13.0%和23.4%,而留带叶芽桩和抹芽处理则分别为69.3%和77.2%;第1次除萌后各除萌处理的后续总萌芽率由高到低依次为抹芽295.8%、留带叶芽桩224.6%、刀削122.0%、抹芽涂NAA99.5%。留带叶芽桩处理的除萌成本最高,刀削芽眼最低。【结论】复合涂料处理中间砧的防萌蘖、防日灼和对树冠形成的综合效果最好且成本低,刀削芽眼和抹芽后涂NAA的除萌效果好、成本低。

关键词(KeyWords)： 柑橘;高接换种;萌蘖;日灼;树冠形成;成本

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0202006);; 国家现代农业(柑橘)产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-26-01A);; 重庆市社会民生科技创新专项(cstc2016shmszx80004,cstc2017shms-xdny0352)

作者(Author): 袁梦;张超博;李有芳;江才伦;淳长品;彭良志;

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