柑橘高接换种中间砧不同抑萌和除萌处理的效果和成本比较Effects and cost comparison of different interstock sprout inhibition and removal treatments in top grafted citrus trees
袁梦;张超博;李有芳;江才伦;淳长品;彭良志;
摘要(Abstract):
【目的】比较柑橘高接换种后中间砧不同抑萌和除萌处理的效果和成本,以及对嫁接芽树冠形成的影响。【方法】在‘卡里佐’枳橙砧‘塔罗科’血橙高接换种为‘龙回红’脐橙后,对暴露枝干(中间砧)分别用防草布包裹、石硫涂白剂和新型复合涂料涂刷以防止中间砧萌蘖和高温日灼,对发生的萌蘖采用不同的除萌方法(刀削芽眼、掐断嫩芽留带叶芽桩、抹芽、抹芽后涂NAA)处理,调查统计萌蘖量、日灼、嫁接芽生长和树冠形成情况,并对其成本进行比较。【结果】各抑萌处理都有效延缓了萌蘖时间,萌蘖量随时间推移而下降;防草布、石硫涂白剂和复合涂料抑萌处理的中间砧萌蘖总数分别比对照减少83.7%、24.9%和42.1%;与对照相比,3个抑萌处理均显著促进了高接的‘龙回红’脐橙第1次新梢生长,但对第2次和第3次新梢生长无显著影响,防草布处理则显著削弱了第4次新梢的生长;防草布、石硫涂白剂、复合涂料和对照中间砧日灼斑平均发生数量分别为4.7、1.4、0.8、2.6个,25%对照的中间砧出现树皮坏死感染现象;抑萌处理以防草布成本最高,复合涂料和石硫涂白剂次之。除萌处理方面,刀削芽眼和抹芽后涂NAA处理均能有效抑制原芽眼再次萌发,原芽眼再萌率分别为13.0%和23.4%,而留带叶芽桩和抹芽处理则分别为69.3%和77.2%;第1次除萌后各除萌处理的后续总萌芽率由高到低依次为抹芽295.8%、留带叶芽桩224.6%、刀削122.0%、抹芽涂NAA99.5%。留带叶芽桩处理的除萌成本最高,刀削芽眼最低。【结论】复合涂料处理中间砧的防萌蘖、防日灼和对树冠形成的综合效果最好且成本低,刀削芽眼和抹芽后涂NAA的除萌效果好、成本低。
关键词(KeyWords): 柑橘;高接换种;萌蘖;日灼;树冠形成;成本
基金项目(Foundation): 国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0202006);; 国家现代农业(柑橘)产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-26-01A);; 重庆市社会民生科技创新专项(cstc2016shmszx80004,cstc2017shms-xdny0352)
作者(Author): 袁梦;张超博;李有芳;江才伦;淳长品;彭良志;
Email:
DOI: 10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20170471
参考文献(References):
- [1]胡文舜,许奇志,施金全,刘东,姜帆,袁韬,张春荣,郑少泉.9个龙眼杂交新品种(系)的设施栽培高接换种试验初报[J].中国南方果树,2016,45(6):83-86.HU Wenshun,XU Qizhi,SHI Jinquan,LIU Dong,JIANG Fan,YUAN Tao,ZHANG Chunrong,ZHENG Shaoquan.Top-working test report about 9 longan hybrid new varieties(department)facilities[J].South China Fruits,2016,45(6):83-86.
- [2]符泽华,段伟华,渠心静,黄丽媛.不同品种接穗对油茶高接换冠后产量及经济性状的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(10):75-79.FU Zehua,DUAN Weihua,QU Xinjing,HUANG Liyuan.Effects of different varieties of scion on yield and economic characters after top grafting of Camellia oleifera[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2017,37(10):75-79.
- [3]常晓晓,陆育生,潘建平,邱继水,林志雄.广州地区白梨早熟品种高接试验[J].果树学报,2016,33(增刊):136-139.CHANG Xiaoxiao,LU Yusheng,PAN Jianping,QIU Jishui,LIN Zhixiong.A preliminary study of top grafting of early maturing white pear varieties in Guangzhou[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2016,33(Suppl.):136-139.
- [4]四川省农业科学院果树研究所先锋基点组.柑桔接换良种试验[J].四川果树资料汇编,1979(1):16-20.The Institute of Pomology,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences.Experiment of Citrus top working[J].Research Data Compilation of Sichuan Fruit,1979(1):16-20.
- [5]吴逍.高换脐橙稳果试验[J].西南园艺,1999,27(3):19-20.WU Xiao.Experiment of top working in navel orange[J].Southwest Horticulture,1999,27(3):19-20.
- [6]曹立,彭良志,王钦,淳长品,江才伦,张咸成,李永安.川渝两地柑桔高接换种的技术经验和改进初探[J].中国南方果树,2006,35(5):4-5.CAO Li,PENG Liangzhi,WANG Qin,CHUN Changpin,JIANG Cailun,ZHANG Xiancheng,LI Yong’an.The experience and improvement of citrus top working technical in Sichuan and Chongqing[J].South China Fruits,2006,35(5):4-5.
- [7]陈天清,雷农田,汪小川.柑橘春季多头高位高接换种快速投产技术[J].四川农业科技,2013(5):30.CHEN Tianqing,LEI Nongtian,WANG Xiaochuan.The top working technology to rush into production of citrus in spring[J].Science and Technology of Sichuan Agriculture,2013(5):30.
- [8]李启波.柑桔大树高接换种应预防日灼[J].中国南方果树,1993,22(2):45-46.LI Qibo.Top-grafting of citrus should prevent sunburn[J].South China Fruits,1993,22(2):45-46.
- [9]彭东林.柑桔高接换种中日灼病的综合防治[J].中国南方果树,1996,25(4):24.PENG Donglin.Integrated control of sunburn in citrus top working[J].South China Fruits,1996,25(4):24.
- [10]江才伦,彭良志,邹哨兵,付世军,淳长品,曹立,周贤文,胡万芬.不同高接换种和管理方式对柑桔枝梢的影响[J].西南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2003,25(5):389-392.JIANG Cailun,PENG Liangzhi,ZOU Shaobing,FU Shijun,CHUN Changpin,CAO Li,ZHOU Xianwen,HU Wanfang.Effect of different top-working and cultivation methods on graftedbud germination and shoot growth in citrus[J].Journal of Southwest Agricultural University(Natural Science),2003,25(5):389-392.
- [11]程国瑶.控制柑桔高换后砧木萌芽的妙法[J].四川农业科技,1992(2):23.CHENG Guoyao.The method of controlling the interstock germination of the Citrus[J].Science and Technology of Sichuan Agriculture,1992(2):23.
- [12]苏红霞,张春海,段晓红,张春琴.库尔勒香梨夏季树皮温度测量及日灼预防[J].新疆农垦科技,2013(12):17-18.SU Hongxia,ZHANG Chunhai,DUAN Xiaohong,ZHANG Chunqing.Bark temperature measurement and sunburn prevention of korla pear in summer[J].Xinjiang Farm Research of Science and Technology,2013(12):17-18.
- [13]蒯传化,刘三军,于巧丽,孙桂香,刘崇怀,高登涛,吴国良,杨朝选.水分胁迫对葡萄日灼病发生及相关指标的影响[J].果树学报,2010,27(6):902-907.KUAI Chuanhua,LIU Sanjun,YU Qiaoli,SUN Guixiang,LIU Chonghuai,GAO Dengtao,WU Guoliang,YANG Chaoxuan.Effect of water stress on grape berry sunburn and related factors[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2010,27(6):902-907.
- [14]张世煜,王朝祥.落叶松苗木日灼害的防止[J].河北林业科技,1985(3):25-27.WANG Shiyu,WANG Chaoxiang.The prevention of the sunburn in larch[J].The Journal of Hebei Forestry Science and Technology,1985(3):25-27.
- [15]GUAK S,NEILSEN D,MILLARD P,WENDLER R,NEILSEN G H.Determining the role of N remobilization for growth of apple(Malus domestica Borkh.)trees by measuring xylem-sap N flux[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2003,54(390):2121-2131.
- [16]张彦昌,赵德英.果树氮素贮藏营养研究进展[J].山西农业科学,2009,37(1):88-91.ZHANG Yanchang,ZHAO Deying.Advanced research on nitrogen storagein fruit trees[J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2009,37(1):88-91.
- [17]张建光,刘玉芳,孙建设,KOCHHAR S,LARRY S.嘎拉苹果高温处理与果实日灼的关系[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(6):731-734.ZHANG Jianguang,LIU Yufang,SUN Jianshe,KOCHHAR S,LARRY S.Acclimation of fruit to high temperatures in relation to sunburn in Gala apples[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2003,36(6):731-734.
- [18]王三根.植物抗性生理与分子生物学[M].北京:现代教育出版社,2009:169-190.WANG Sangen.Plant hardiness physiology and molecular biology[M].Beijing:Modern Education Press,2009:169-190.
- [19]ANDREWS P K,JOHNSON J R.Physiology of sunburn development in apples[J].Good Fruit Grower,1996,47(12):33-36.
- [20]SCHRADER L,ZHANG J G.Two types of sunburn in apple caused by high fruit surface(peel)temperature[J].Plant Health Progress,2001,201(10):15.
- [21]陈昆松,张上隆,李三玉,叶明儿,吴光林.高温处理对温州蜜柑幼果膜脂过氧化作用和乙烯生成的影响[J].果树学报,1994,11(4):225-228.CHEN Kunsong,ZHANG Shanglong,LI Sanyu,YE Ming’er,WU Guanglin.Effects of high temperature stress on membrane lipid peroxidation and ethylene production in fruitlet of Citrus unshiu Marc.[J].Journal of Fruit Science,1994,11(4):225-228.
- [22]万继锋,李娟,陈杰忠.柑橘日灼病果皮抗氧化代谢的变化[J].园艺学报,2012,39(10):2009-2014.WAN Jifeng,LI Juan,CHEN Jiezhong.Changes in antioxidant metabolism in the fruit pericarps of citrus during sunburn development[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2012,39(10):2009-2014.
- [23]郝燕燕,黄卫东.苹果日烧病过程中果皮抗氧化系统与细胞超微结构的变化[J].植物生理与分子生物学报,2004,30(1):19-26.HAO Yanyan,HUANG Weidong.Changes in antioxidant system and cell ultrastructure in the peels during apple sunburn development[J].Journal of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology,2004,30(1):19-26.
- [24]蒯传化,杨朝选,刘三军,吴国良,陈汉杰,郑先波.落叶果树果实日灼病研究进展[J].果树学报,2008,25(6):901-907.KUAI Chuanhua,YANG Chaoxuan,LIU Sanjun,WU Guoliang,CHEN Hanjie,ZHENG Xianbo.Advances in research on fruit sunburn of deciduous fruit crops[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2008,25(6):901-907.
- [25]张建光,刘玉芳,孙建设,SCHRADER L.苹果果实日灼人工诱导技术及阈值温度研究[J].园艺学报,2003,30(4):446-448.ZHANG Jianguang,LIU Yufang,SUN Jianshe,SCHRADER L.Studies on artificial induction and threshold temperatures of apple fruit sunburn[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2003,30(4):446-448.