王英珍;程瑞;张绍铃;白彬;何子顺;张虎平;

• 1:南京农业大学梨工程技术研究中心
• 2:库尔勒市香梨研究中心

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】研究采前Me JA浸泡处理对梨果实抗病性的影响。【方法】将梨黑斑病病原菌链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata)接种在含有不同浓度MeJA的PDA(potato dextrose agar)培养基上并在1周后测量其病斑直径,筛选出能有效抑制黑斑病病原菌生长的MeJA浓度;以‘新梨7号’为试材,在果实成熟前30 d每隔10 d用有效浓度的MeJA浸泡处理1次,清水浸泡为对照;采后用梨黑斑病病原菌链格孢菌孢子悬浮液对果实进行损伤接种,发病后测定病斑直径以及抗病相关酶活性。【结果】7 mmol·L~(-1)的MeJA能有效抑制黑斑病病原菌的生长,其病斑直径比对照降低了91%。果实损伤接种后第5天开始,对照果实发病率为85%且病斑直径持续增加,采前MeJA浸泡处理的果实一直未发病。采前MeJA浸泡处理提高了梨果实中过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶(GLU)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、几丁质酶(CHT)等活性。【结论】MeJA可以抑制黑斑病病菌的生长,通过采前MeJA浸泡处理能提高梨果实抗病相关酶的活性,激活果实抗病防御系统,抑制成熟梨果实发病。

关键词(KeyWords)： 梨;茉莉酸甲酯;黑斑病;抗病性

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 江苏省农业科技自主创新资金(CX(15)1023)

作者(Author): 王英珍;程瑞;张绍铃;白彬;何子顺;张虎平;

Email:

DOI: 10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20150517

参考文献(References)：

• [1]张绍铃.梨学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2013:21-46.ZHANG Shaoling.Pear science[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2013:21-46.
• [2]谭红,赵小明.“抗逆诱导”植保新理念[J].高科技与产业化,2012,8(3):46-49.TAN Hong,ZHAO Xiaoming.“Induction of resistance”-a new idea of plant protection[J].High-Technology&Industrialization,2012,8(3):46-49.
• [3]李梦莎,阎秀峰.植物的环境信号分子茉莉酸及其生物学功能[J].生态学报,2014,34(23):6779-6788.LI Mengsha,YAN Xiufeng.Jasmonic acid signaling in plants and its biological functions in relation to environment[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(23):6779-6788.
• [4]许晴晴,郜海燕,陈杭君.茉莉酸甲酯对蓝莓贮藏品质及抗病相关酶活性的影响[J].核农学报,2014,28(7):1226-1231.XU Qingqing,GAO Haiyan,CHEN Hangjun.The effect of methyl jasmonate treatment on storage quality and the activities of defense-related enzymes in blueberry[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Science,2014,28(7):1226-1231.
• [5]弓德强,谷会,张鲁斌,洪克前,朱世江.杧果采前喷施茉莉酸甲酯对其抗病性和采后品质的影响[J].园艺学报,2013,40(1):49-57.GONG Deqiang,GU Hui,ZHANG Lubin,HONG Keqian,ZHU Shijiang.Effects of pretharvest methyl jasmonate spraying on disease resistance and postharvest quality of mango fruits[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2013,40(1):49-57.
• [6]汪开拓,郑永华,唐文才,李廷君,张卿,尚海涛.茉莉酸甲酯处理对葡萄果实NO和H2O2水平及植保素合成的影响[J].园艺学报,2012,39(8):1559-1566.WANG Kaituo,ZHENG Yonghua,TANG Wencai,LI Tingjun,ZHANG Qing,SHANG Haitao.Effects of methyl jasmonate treatment on levels of nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide and phytoalexin synthesis in postharvest grape berries[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2012,39(8):1559-1566.
• [7]麻宝成,朱世江.苯并噻重氮和茉莉酸甲酯对采后香蕉果实抗病性及相关酶活性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(6):1220-1227.MA Baocheng,ZHU Shijiang.Induction of disease resistance by benzothiadiazole and methyl jasmonate in relation to activities of defense-related enzymes[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2006,39(6):1220-1227.
• [8]ZHANG H Y,MA L C,Mark T,XU H X,DONG Y,JIANG S.Methyl jasmonate enhances biocontrol efficacy of Rhodotorula glutinis to postharvest blue mold decay of pears[J].Food Chemistry,2009,117(4):621-626.
• [9]王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:169-171.WANG Xuekui.Principle and technology for plant physiological and chemical experiments[M].Beijing:High Education Press,2006:169-171.
• [10]李合生.植物生理生化试验原理与技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:164-169.LI Hesheng.Principles and techniques of plant physiological and biochemical experiments[M].Beijing:High Education Press,2000:164-169.
• [11]MONTGOMERY M W,SGARBIERI V C.Isoenzymes of banana polyphenol oxidase[J].Phytochemistry,1975,14(5):1245-1249.
• [12]肖拴锁,王钧.水稻中超氧诱导与稻瘟菌抗性及苯丙氨酸解氨酶、几丁酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性诱导的关系[J].中国水稻科学,1997,11(2):93-102.XIAO Shuansuo,WANG Jun.Relationship among generation rate of superoxide,resistance of rice to blast fungi and activation of inducible phenylalanine ammonia-lyase,chitinase,β-1,3-glucanase[J].Chinese Journal of Riceence,1997,11(2):93-102.
• [13]王法军,高英,赵开军.植物信号分子介导抗病反应的研究进展[J].中国农业科技导报,2013,15(5):87-92.WANG Fajun,GAO Ying,ZHAO Kaijun.Research progress on plant signaling molecules involved in disease resistance[J].Journal of Agricultural Science&Technology,2013,15(5):87-92.
• [14]宾金华,潘瑞炽.茉莉酸甲酯的生理生化及在植物抗病中的作用[J].植物学通报,1995,12(4):17-21.BIN Jinhua,PAN Ruichi.Methy jasmonates:biochemistry biophysiology and role in plant resistance[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,1995,12(4):17-21.
• [15]唐双双,郑永华,汪开拓,王晓梅,金鹏.茉莉酸甲酯处理对不同成熟度草莓果实采后腐烂和品质的影响[J].食品科学,2008,29(6):448-452.TANG Shuangshuang,ZHENG Yonghua,WANG Kaituo,WANG Xiaomei,JIN Peng.Effect of methy jamonate on decay and quality of postharvest strawberry fruit at different maturity stages[J].Food Science,2008,29(6):448-452.
• [16]赵晓芳,王贵禧,王艳娜,梁丽松,祝美云.鸭梨果实接种轮纹病菌后的生长期、贮藏期几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性变化[J].林业科学,2008,44(3):162-165.ZHAO Xiaofang,WANG Guixi,WANG Yanna,LIANG Lisong,ZHU Meiyun.Changes in chitinase andβ-1,3-glucanase activities of‘Ya’pear fruit inoculated with botryosphaeria berengriana during growth and storage periods[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2008,44(3):162-165.
• [17]蒋跃明,马国华,陈芳.芒果采后潜伏真菌活化与几丁酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的研究[J].植物保护学报,1995,22(1):80-84.JIANG Yueming,MA Guohua,CHEN Fang.Studies on the activation of latent fungi,chitinase,andβ-1,3-glucanase in harvested mango fruits[J].Journal of Plant Protection,1995,22(1):80-84.
• [18]宋瑞芳,丁永乐,宫长荣,徐光辉,韩晓哲.烟草抗病性与防御酶活性间的关系研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(5):309-314.SONG Ruifang,DING Yongle,GONG Changrong,XU Guanghui,HAN Xiaozhe.Research advances in relationship between tobacco resistance and protective enzymes activity[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2007,23(5):309-314.
• [19]MOHAMMADI M,KAZEMI H.Changes in peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities in susceptible and resistant wheat heads inoculated with Fusarium graminearum and induced resistance[J].Plant Science,2002,162(4):491-498.
• [20]张丽丽,常有宏,陈志谊,孔呈.梨轮纹病原菌及生防菌对梨果实抗氧化酶体系的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(7):96-98.ZHANG Lili,CHANG Youhong,CHEN Zhiyi,KONG Cheng.Effects of botryosphaeria berengeriana piricola and biocontrol bacteria on the system of antioxidant enzymes in pears[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(7):96-98.
• [21]于娟娟,李玲,金青,蔡永萍,林毅,吕芮宏.砀山酥梨石细胞发育过程中木质素代谢关键酶POD类型的分析[J].园艺学报,2011,38(6):1037-1044.YU Juanjuan,LI Ling,JIN Qing,CAI Yongping,LIN Yi,LüRuihong.Studies on key enzyme POD types of lignin metabolic pathway during stone cell development of Pyrus bretschneideri[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2011,38(6):1037-1044.
• [22]李天来,张亢亢,余朝阁,李琳琳.外源钙和茉莉酸甲酯诱导番茄植株抗灰霉病研究[J].西北植物学报,2012,32(3):505-510.LI Tianlai,ZHANG Kangkang,YU Chaoge,LI Linlin.Research of exogenous calcium and methyl jasmonate on resistance to Botrytis cinerea in tomato[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2012,32(3):505-510.