齐秀娟;王然;兰彦平;陈锦永;顾红;方金豹;

• 1:中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所·中国农业科学院果树生长发育与品质控制重点开放实验室
• 2:北京市林业果树科学研究院

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】明确3个猕猴桃栽培种的花粉形态学特征,了解其遗传变异特性、亲缘关系,为花粉的外观形态与种间分类提供依据。【方法】利用扫描电镜对30个品系的花粉粒进行形态观察。【结果】花粉粒外观为长球形或超长球形,极面观均为三裂圆形,可看到3条内陷萌发沟。美味猕猴桃萌发沟长度18.08~31.48μm、萌发沟脊宽度4.65~11.42μm、极轴长度21.54~36.05μm、赤道轴长度9.60~17.66μm,极轴/赤道轴1.65~3.05、大小244.90~608.52μm2。中华猕猴桃萌发沟长度14.09~24.96μm、萌发沟脊宽度4.09~9.37μm、极轴长度15.60~30.11μm、赤道轴长度8.85~17.87μm、极轴/赤道轴1.26~2.65、大小182.58~443.18μm2。软枣猕猴桃萌发沟长度16.34~30.06μm、萌发沟脊宽度6.11~11.23μm、极轴长度18.66~32.11μm、赤道轴长度8.76~18.42μm、极轴/赤道轴1.33~2.68、大小166.62~547.07μm2。表面纹饰存在3种类型:(1)波纹状,美味猕猴桃、中华猕猴桃和软枣猕猴桃样品均包含,占样品总数的53.33%;(2)疣状,美味猕猴桃、中华猕猴桃和软枣猕猴桃样品均包含,占样品总数的36.67%;(3)颗粒状,均为软枣猕猴桃,占样品总数的10.00%。【结论】猕猴桃花粉外观形态和大小在相同种内和相同来源环境背景下存在一定的保守性;整体来看,美味猕猴桃花粉最大,其次是软枣猕猴桃花粉,显著大于中华猕猴桃花粉;花粉大小、萌发沟长度、萌发沟脊宽度、极轴长度、赤道轴长度,中华猕猴桃均显著小于美味猕猴桃,可作为2者划分的孢粉学特征依据。

关键词(KeyWords)： 猕猴桃;花粉形态;纹饰;遗传多样性

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所基本科研业务费(1610192016204);; 国家科技基础性工作专项(2012FY110100)

作者(Author): 齐秀娟;王然;兰彦平;陈锦永;顾红;方金豹;

Email:

DOI: 10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20170211

参考文献(References)：

• [1]SALMAKI Y,JAMZAD Z,ZARRE S,BRAUCHLER C.Pollen morphology of Stachys(Lamiaceae)in Iran and its systematic implication[J].Flora,2008,203(8):627-639.
• [2]WALKER J W.Evolution of exine structure in the pollen of primitive angiosperms[J].American Journal Botany,1974,61(8):891-902.
• [3]李洁维,李瑞高,梁木源,庞程.猕猴桃属花粉形态研究简报[J].广西植物,1989,9(4):335-339.LI Jiewei,LI Ruigao,LIANG Muyuan,PANG Cheng.Studys on the pollen morphology of the Actinidia[J].Guihaia,1989,9(4):335-339.
• [4]康宁,王圣梅,黄仁煌,武显维.猕猴桃属9种植物的花粉形态研究[J].武汉植物学研究,1993,11(2):111-116.KANG Ning,WANG Shengmei,HUANG Renhuang,WU Xianwei.Study on the pollen morphology of 9 Actinidia genotypes[J].Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research,1993,11(2):111-116.
• [5]祝晨蔯,徐国钧,徐珞珊,李萍.猕猴桃属12种植物花粉形态研究[J].中国药科大学学报,1995,26(3):139-143.ZHU Chenchen,XU Guojun,XU Luoshan,LI Ping.Study on the pollen morphology of 12 Actinidia genotypes[J].Journal of China Pharmaceutical University,1995,26(3):139-143.
• [6]姜正旺,王圣梅,张忠慧,黄宏文.猕猴桃属花粉形态及其系统学意义[J].植物分类学报,2004,42(3):245-260.JIANG Zhengwang,WANG Shengmei,ZHANG Zhonghui,HUANG Hongwen.Pollen morphology of Actinidia and its systematic significance[J].Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica,2004,42(3):245-260.
• [7]王柏青.东北猕猴桃属花粉形态的初步研究[J].吉林工程技术师范学院学报,2008,24(11):92-94.WANG Baiqing.A tentative study on the morphological character of the pollen of Actinidia in the North East area[J].Journal of Jilin Teacher Institute of Engineering and Technology,2008,24(11):92-94.
• [8]宁允叶,熊庆娥,曾伟光.‘红阳’猕猴桃全红型芽变(86-3)的果实品质及花粉形态研究[J].园艺学报,2005,32(3):486-488.NING Yunye,XIONG Qing’e,ZENG Weiguang.Studies on fruit quality and pollen morphology of red flesh sport from‘Red Sun’kiwifruit[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2005,32(3):486-488.
• [9]钟敏,谢敏,张文标,陶俊杰,黄春辉,朱博,徐小彪.野生毛花猕猴桃雄株居群花粉形态观察[J].果树学报,2016,33(10):1251-1258.ZHONG Min,XIE Min,ZHANG Wenbiao,TAO Junjie,HUANG Chunhui,ZHU Bo,XU Xiaobiao.Observation on the pollen morphology of male genotypes in wild Actinidia eriantha population[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2016,33(10):1251-1258.
• [10]齐秀娟,徐善坤,钟云鹏,陈锦永,林苗苗,孙雷明,方金豹.不同来源猕猴桃雄株花粉特性遗传差异及聚类分析[J].果树学报,2016,33(10):1194-1205.QI Xiujuan,XU Shankun,ZHONG Yunpeng,CHEN Jinyong,LIN Miaomiao,SUN Leiming,FANG Jinbao.Genetic differences and cluster analysis of male pollens from different kiwifruit germplasm resources[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2016,33(10):1194-1205.
• [11]王开发.孢粉学概论[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1983:21-25.WANG Kaifa.Palynology introduction[M].Beijing:Peking University Press,1983:21-25.
• [12]张芝玉.猕猴桃科的花粉形态及其系统位置的探讨[J].植物分类学报1987,25(1):9-23.ZHANG Zhiyu.A study on the pollen morphology of Actinidiaceae and its systematic position[J].Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica,1987,25(1):9-23.
• [13]ZHANG X H,SILVA da J A T,DUAN J,XIA N H.Pollen morphology of Magnolioideae in China and its taxonomic implications[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2014,176:170-179.
• [14]黄宏文.猕猴桃属分类资源驯化栽培[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.HUANG Hongwen.Classification,resources,domestication and cultivation of Actinidia[M].Beijing:Science Press,2013.
• [15]黄宏文,龚俊杰,王圣梅,何子灿,张忠慧,李建强.猕猴桃属(Actinidia)植物的遗传多样性[J].生物多样性,2000,8(1):1-12.HUANG Hongwen,GONG Junjie,WANG Shengmei,HE Zican,ZHANG Zhonghui,LI Jianqiang.Genetic diversity in the genus Actinidia[J].Chinese Biodiversity,2000,8(1):1-12.