张盼;吕强;易时来;刘颖;何绍兰;谢让金;郑永强;潘海洋;邓烈;

• 1:西南大学·中国农业科学院柑桔研究所
• 2:国家柑桔工程技术研究中心
• 3:珠海绿卫士航空植保技术有限公司

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】探索无人机施药在柑橘树体冠层的雾滴沉积效果,并对喷雾效应做出初步评价,为果园无人机喷雾技术应用发展提供依据。【方法】以长势茂密的10 a生枳[Poncirus trifoliata(L.)Raf.]砧改良橙(Citrus sinensis‘Gailiangcheng orange’)为试材,小型四旋翼无人机在不同类型的喷头和飞行高度下,用丽春红2R溶液对树冠进行喷雾,卡纸收集雾滴,用图像处理技术分析雾滴沉积参数。【结果】1)冠层上部雾滴沉积最多,树冠中和下部依次减少,树冠上层、中层和下层每cm2的平均雾滴沉积个数分别为10.70、6.59和4.35;在无人机飞行方向的左、中、右侧冠层,雾滴覆盖率分别为2.20%、5.04%和5.27%,呈现出由左到右逐渐增多的趋势,而雾滴粒径却呈相反的变化趋势,从左到右分别为0.85、0.72和0.64 mm;在无人机飞行方向上,前部、中部和后部雾滴沉积无明显差异。2)不同飞行高度对雾滴沉积效果有较大影响,以距树冠顶部1.0 m高度的雾滴沉积效果较好,随高度的增加或减少,冠层雾滴沉积各项参数均呈下降趋势。3)旋转离心式喷头喷雾的雾滴粒径(0.26 mm)显著小于压力式喷头(0.53 mm),而雾滴沉积总数和沉积密度则大于压力式喷头。【结论】小型四旋翼无人机喷雾的雾滴空间分布上,树冠上层的沉积效果较好;飞机飞行过程中的喷雾性能相对稳定;距离冠层顶部1.0 m高度飞行喷洒的雾滴覆盖率、沉积密度等各项参数较为理想;旋转离心式喷头比压力式喷头的喷雾效果更好。

关键词(KeyWords)： 柑橘;无人机;航空喷雾;雾滴沉积

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家国际合作专项项目(2013DFA11470);; “十二五”国家科技支撑计划(2014BAD16B0103);; 重庆市科技支撑示范工程项目(cstc2014fazktpt80015,cstc2014fazktjcsf80033)

作者(Author): 张盼;吕强;易时来;刘颖;何绍兰;谢让金;郑永强;潘海洋;邓烈;

Email:

DOI: 10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20150182

参考文献(References)：

• [1]孔文斌,黄明,熊伟,吴正亮,夏仁斌,解娟,周贤文.2013/2014产季重庆柑桔产销形势分析与对策建议[J].中国果业信息,2014,31(1):30-35.KONG Wenbin,HUANG Ming,XIONG Wei,WU Zhengliang,XIA Renbin,XIE Juan,ZHOU Xianwen.The situation and suggestions of Chongqing citrus production and marketing in 2013/2014[J].China Fruit News,2014,31(1):30-35.
• [2]刘洪杰,冯晓静,刘俊峰,李建平.果园风送式喷雾机设计[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(33):20911-20913.LIU Hongjie,FENG Xiaojing,LIU Junfeng,LI Jianping.Design and experiment of orchard air-blast sprayer[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(33):20911-20913.
• [3]张海锋,许林云.果园喷雾机发展现状及展望[J].中国农机化学报,2014,35(3):112-118.ZHANG Haifeng,XU Linyun.Summary of research status on orchard sprayer[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2014,35(3):112-118.
• [4]傅锡敏,吕晓兰,丁为民,吴萍,丁素明,邱威.我国果园植保机械现状与技术需求[J].中国农机化,2009(6):10-13.FU Ximin,LüXiaolan,DING Weimin,WU Ping,DING Suming,QIU Wei.Present state and technical requirement about orchard plant protection machinery in China[J].Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2009(6):10-13.
• [5]宋坚利,何雄奎,曾爱军,刘亚佳.三种果园施药机械施药效果研究[J].中国农机化,2006(5):79-82.SONG Jianli,HE Xiongkui,ZENG Aijun,LIU Yajia.Spraying quality of three kinds of orchard plant protection equipments[J].Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2006(5):79-82.
• [6]何雄奎,严苛荣,储金宇,汪健,曾爱军,刘亚佳.果园自动对靶静电喷雾机设计与试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2003,19(6):78-80.HE Xiongkui,YAN Kerong,CHU Jinyu,WANG Jian,ZENG Aijun,LIU Yajia.Design and testing of the automatic target detecting,electrostatic,air assisted,orchard sprayer[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2003,19(6):78-80.
• [7]宋淑然,洪添胜,孙道宗,朱余清,彭孝东.风送式喷雾机变速喷雾雾滴沉积试验[J].农机化研究,2009,31(1):166-169.SONG Shuran,HONG Tiansheng,SUN Daozong,ZHU Yuqing,PENG Xiaodong.Droplet deposition in variable-speed spraying experiment of air blast sprayer[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2009,31(1):166-169.
• [8]WISE J C,JENKINS P E,SCHILDERl A M,VANDERVOORT C,ISAACS R.Sprayer type and water volume influence pesticide deposition and control of insect pests and diseases in juice grapes[J].Crop Protection,2010,29:378-385.
• [9]邱威,丁为民,傅锡敏,汪小旵,吕晓兰,李毅念.果园喷雾机圆环双流道风机的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(12):13-17.QIU Wei,DING Weimin,FU Ximin,WANG Xiaochan,LüXiaolan,LI Yinian.Design and experiment of ring double-channel fan for spraying machine in orchard[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(12):13-17.
• [10]何雄奎.改变我国植保机械和施药技术严重落后的现状[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(1):13-15.HE Xiongkui.Improving severe draggling actuality of plant protection machinery and its application techniques[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society Agricultural Engineering,2004,20(1):13-15.
• [11]李鸿筠,刘浩强,冉春,王联英,姚廷山,胡军华.不同喷雾器械对柑橘害虫的防治研究[J].农机化研究,2015(4):150-154.LI Hongjun,LIU Haoqiang,RAN Chun,WANG Lianying,YAO Tingshan,HU Junhua.Studies on the control of 4 type of sprayers against citrus insect pests[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2015(4):150-154.
• [12]高圆圆,张玉涛,赵酉城,李学辉,杨代斌,袁会珠.小型无人机低空喷洒在玉米田的雾滴沉积分布对玉米螟的防治效果初探[J].植物保护学报,2013,39(2):152-157.GAO Yuanyuan,ZHANG Yutao,ZHAO Youcheng,LI Xuehui,YANG Daibin,YUAN Huizhu.Primary studies on spray droplet distribution and control effects of aerial spraying using unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)against the corn borer[J].Plant Protection,2013,39(2):152-157.
• [13]高圆圆,张玉涛,张宁,牛亮,郑万文,袁会珠.小型无人机低空喷洒在小麦田的雾滴沉积分布及对小麦吸浆虫的防治效果初探[J].作物杂志,2013(2):139-142.GAO Yuanyuan,ZHANG Yutao,ZHANG Ning,NIU Liang,ZHENG Wanwen,YUAN Huizhu.Primary studies on spray droplets distribution and control effects of aerial spraying using unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)against wheat midge[J].Crops,2013(2):139-142.
• [14]张京,何雄奎,宋坚利,曾爱军,刘亚佳,李学锋.无人驾驶直升机航空喷雾参数对雾滴沉积的影响[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(12):94-96.ZHANG Jing,HE Xiongkui,SONG Jianli,ZENG Aijun,LIU Yajia,LI Xuefeng.Influence of spraying parameters of unmanned aircraft on droplets deposition[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(12):94-96.
• [15]管贤平.无人机作业参数对喷雾沉积的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2014,53(3):678-680.GUAN Xianping.Effects of operating parameters for unmanned aerial vehicles on spraying deposition[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2014,53(3):678-680.
• [16]秦维彩,薛新宇,周立新,张宋超,孙竹,孔伟,王宝坤.无人直升机喷雾参数对玉米冠层雾滴沉积分布的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(5):50-56.QIN Weicai,XUE Xinyu,ZHOU Lixin,ZHANG Songchao,SUN Zhu,KONG Wei,WANG Baokun.Effects of spraying parameters of unmanned aerial vehicle on droplets deposition distribution of maize canopies[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(5):50-56.
• [17]周志艳,臧英,罗锡文,兰玉彬,薛新宇.中国农业航空植保产业技术创新发展战略[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(24):1-10.ZHOU Zhiyan,ZANG Ying,LUO Xiwen,LAN Yubin,XUE Xinyu.Technology innovation development strategy on agricultural aviation industry for plant protection in China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(24):1-10.
• [18]龚艳,傅锡敏.现代农药中的航空施药技术[J].农业装备技术,2008,34(6):26-29.GONG Yan,FU Ximin.Aerial spraying of modern agricultural technology[J].Agricultural Equipment and Technology,2008,34(6):26-29.
• [19]HUANG Y,HOFFMANN W C,LAN Y,WU W,FRITZ B K.Development of a spray system for an unmanned aerial vehicle platform[J].Applied Engineering Agriculture,2009,25(6):803-809.
• [20]薛新宇,梁建,傅锡敏.我国航空植保技术的发展前景[J].中国农机化,2008(5):72-74.XUE Xinyu,LIANG Jian,FU Ximin.Prospect of aviation plant protection in China[J].Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2008(5):72-74.
• [21]张国庆.农业航空技术研究述评与新型农业航空技术研究[J].江西林业科技,2011(1):25-31.ZHANG Guoqing.Review of agricultural aviation technologies and research of new-type agricultural aviation technologies[J].Jiangxi Forestry Science and Technology,2011(1):25-31.
• [22]张国庆.我国农用航空发展瓶颈与对策[J].通用航空,2011(4):31-33.ZHANG Guoqing.Measures to deal with present bottlenecks of ag-ricultural aviation development in China[J].General Aviation,2011(4):31-33.
• [23]FRITZ B K,KIRK I W,HOFFMANN W C,MARTIN D E,THOMSON S J.Aerial application methods for increasing spray deposition on wheat heads[J].Transactions of the ASABE,2006,22(3):357-364.
• [24]黄向东,方志蓉.超轻型直升飞机与固定翼飞机在森林病虫害防治应用中的比较研究[J].长沙电力学院学报(自然科学版),1999,14(3):279-281.HUANG Xiangdong,FANG Zhirong.Study on comparing helicopter with plane application in forest pest and disease control[J].Journal of Changsha University of Electric Power(Natural Science),1999,14(3):279-281.
• [25]HUANG Y B,THOMSON S J,HOFFMANN W C,LAN Y B,FRITZ B K.Development and prospect of unmanned aerial vehi-cle technologies for agricultural production management[J].International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering,2013,6(3):1-9.
• [26]郭峰,杨宛章,韩长杰,郭辉.3WF-8型果园喷雾机的试验与研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,2009,32(5):81-83.GUO Feng,YANG Wanzhang,HAN Changjie,GUO Hui.Experiments and research of 3WF-8 orchard sprayer[J].Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,2009,32(5):81-83.
• [27]吕晓兰,傅锡敏,吴萍,丁素明,周良富,闫慧娟.喷雾技术参数对雾滴沉积分布影响试验[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(6):70-75.LüXiaolan,FU Ximin,WU Ping,DING Suming,ZHOU Liangfu,YAN Huijuan.Influence of spray operating parameters on droplet deposition[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(6):70-75.