阮科;朱礼乾;沈鑫健;周上铃;彭良志;凌丽俐;黄涛江;刘文华;淳长品;

• 1:西南大学柑桔研究所·中国农业科学院柑桔研究所
• 2:西南大学园艺园林学院
• 3:重庆市奉节县脐橙研究所

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】探索奉节脐橙园土壤和叶片营养状况及它们对果实产量的影响,以期为合理施肥和高产管理提供理论依据。【方法】对奉节脐橙产区148个果园土壤样品和柑橘叶片进行采样,同时调查了果实产量,分析了土壤、叶片营养状况,进行了叶片营养与果实产量的相关性分析。【结果】奉节脐橙产区土壤pH变幅较大,平均值为7.12,多数为碱性,土壤有机质含量(w,后同)较为丰富,超过15 g·kg~(-1)的比例为85.81%。总体上,奉节脐橙园土壤碱解氮缺乏很严重,平均含量仅为78.71 mg·kg~(-1),而有效P、速效K含量较为丰富,平均值分别为37.02 mg·kg~(-1)和191.67 mg·kg~(-1)。交换Ca含量极为丰富,适宜值以下的比例为0,而Mg极度缺乏,其含量100%处于缺乏范围。微量元素中有效Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu较为丰富,其含量平均值分别为40.72 mg·kg~(-1)、24.04 mg·kg~(-1)、2.69 mg·kg~(-1)和2.17 mg·kg~(-1)。有效B较为缺乏,平均值为0.67 mg·kg~(-1)。奉节脐橙叶片营养元素N、P、K、Ca、Fe、Mn和Cu较为丰富,其含量平均值为29.45 g·kg~(-1)、1.50 g·kg~(-1)、13.32 g·kg~(-1)、41.23 g·kg~(-1)、133.17 mg·kg~(-1)、42.97 mg·kg~(-1)和9.51 mg·kg~(-1),而Mg和B较为缺乏,平均值分别为3.90 g·kg~(-1)和49.76 mg·kg~(-1),Zn元素极度缺乏,平均值为16.65 mg·kg~(-1)。叶片P、K、Zn含量与果实产量达到了显著或极显著相关,相关系数分别为-0.332、-0.205、-0.213。奉节脐橙产区不同乡镇土壤和叶片营养元素差异较大,通过叶片营养元素含量聚类分析10个乡镇可以分为5类。【结论】奉节脐橙园各乡镇营养差异较大,总体来讲,今后生产管理的重点是适度调节土壤pH,合理施用N、P、K肥,增施有机肥、Mg、Zn和B肥。

关键词(KeyWords)： 奉节脐橙;土壤;叶片;营养元素;产量

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0202006);; 国家重点研发计划项目子课题(2017YFD0202002-4,2018YFD0201507);; 重庆市社会民生科技创新专项(cstc2017shms-xdny0352)

作者(Author): 阮科;朱礼乾;沈鑫健;周上铃;彭良志;凌丽俐;黄涛江;刘文华;淳长品;

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