树体遮光对'赤霞珠'葡萄果实降异戊二烯类香气物质积累的影响Effect of vine shading on the accumulation of norisoprenoids volatiles in 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grape berries
乔丹;付亚群;何磊;陈武;陈新军;潘秋红;张珍珍;
摘要(Abstract):
【目的】探究葡萄树体遮光对酿酒葡萄'赤霞珠'(Vitis vinifera L.'Cabernet Sauvignon')果实降异戊二烯类香气化合物代谢的影响,为提高新疆葡萄与葡萄酒品质提供理论依据。【方法】根据遮光程度不同将遮光网分为网1(减少果际光照50%)和网2(减少果际光照20%),分别在果实开始转色和完全转色后搭建于树体顶部,直至果实采收(简称Q1、H1和Q2、H2),采用GC-MS定性定量分析果实成熟过程中降异戊二烯类化合物含量的变化,应用Real-Time PCR技术分析其生物合成途径主要基因的表达变化。【结果】4种遮光处理都显著降低了成熟果实中可溶性固形物含量,对可滴定酸含量无影响。Q1处理上调了转色开始果实VvPSY1、VvCCD1和VvCCD4b的表达,H1处理则上调了成熟果实中VvPSY2的表达;相应地,在果实成熟时,网1处理(Q1和H1)显著提高了果实降异戊二烯总含量,特别是β-大马士酮含量,而网2处理(Q2和H2)对该类香气物质没有显著影响;此外,对于游离态降异戊二烯化合物而言,在4种遮光处理的成熟果实中其含量都高于对照,其中H1处理增幅最大。【结论】在果实成熟期减少50%的光照,可明显促进降异戊二烯类香气物质的积累,可能有利于提升所酿葡萄酒的花果香气品质。
关键词(KeyWords): '赤霞珠'葡萄;树体遮光;降异戊二烯;基因表达
基金项目(Foundation): 中国农业大学—新疆农业大学联合基金项目(2015TC049)
作者(Author): 乔丹;付亚群;何磊;陈武;陈新军;潘秋红;张珍珍;
Email:
DOI: 10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20180230
参考文献(References):
- [1] WILLIAMS P J,SEFTON M A,FRANCIS I L. Glycosidic precursors of varietal grape and wine flavor[J]. Acs Symposium Series,1992,202(34):74-86.
- [2] MATEO J J,JIMENEZ M. Monoterpenes in grape juice and wines[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2000,881(1):557-567.
- [3]谢兆森,曹红梅,王世平.影响葡萄果实品质的因素分析及栽培管理[J].河南农业科学,2011,40(3):125-128.XIE Zhaosen,CAO Hongmei,WANG Shiping. Analysis of Effect factors on grape berry quality and discussion on mechanism[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2011,40(3):125-128.
- [4]刘帅,袁登荣,王志润,辛守鹏,陶建敏.选择性光技术对‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄光合特性和果实品质的影响[J].果树学报,2016,33(2):187-195.LIU Shuai,YUAN Dengrong,WANG Zhirun,XIN Shoupeng,TAO Jianmin. Effects of pink fluorescent filming and pink netting on the photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of‘Shine Muscat’grape[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,2016,33(2):187-195.
- [5]林朴.摘叶处理对赤霞珠葡萄和葡萄酒品质的影响[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2013(4):10-13.LIN Pu. Effect of priming leaf on fruit and wine quality of Cabernet Sauvignon[J]. Sino-Overseas Grapevine&Wine,2013(4):10-13.
- [6] KWASNIEWSKI M T,VANDEN-HEUVEL J E,PAN B S,SACKS G L. Timing of cluster light environment manipulation during grape development affects C13 norisoprenoid and carotenoid concentrations in Riesling[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2010,58(11):6841-6849.
- [7] ZHANG H H,FAN P G,LIU C X,WU B H,LI S H,LIAN Z C.Sunlight exclusion from Muscat grape alters volatile profiles during berry development[J]. Food Chemistry,2014,164(20):242-250.
- [8] BUREAU S M,RAZUNGLES A J,BAUMES R L. The aroma of Muscat of Frontignan grapes:Effect of the light environ-ment of vine or bunch on volatiles and glycoconjugates[J]. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2000,80(14):2012-2020.
- [9] FENG H,YUAN F,SKINKIS P A,QIAN M C. Influence of cluster zone leaf removal on Pinot noir grape chemical and volatile composition[J]. Food Chemistry,2015,173:414-423.
- [10] SASAKI K,TAKASE H,MATSUYAMA S,KOBAYASHI H,MATSUO H,IKOMA G,TAKATA R. Effect of light exposure on linalool biosynthesis and accumulation in grape berries[J].Bioscience Biotechnology&Biochemistry,2016,80(12):2376-2382.
- [11] DUCHENE E,SCHNEIDER C. Grapevine and climatic changes:a glance at the situation in Alsace[J]. Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2005,25(1):93-99.
- [12]苏铁锋.新疆伊犁红地球葡萄优质高效栽培技术[J].果树实用技术与信息,2012(8):9-12.SU Tiefeng. High-quality and high-efficiency cultivation techniques of Red globe grape in Yili,Xinjiang[J]. Guoshu Shiyong Jishu Yu Xinxi,2012(8):9-12.
- [13] WEN Y Q,HE F,ZHU B Q,PAN Q H,LI C Y,REEVES M J,WANG J. Free and glycosidically bound aroma compounds in cherry(Prunus avium L.)[J]. Food Chemistry,2014,152(6):29-36.
- [14] QIAN X,XU X Q,YU K J,ZHU B Q,LAN Y B,DUAN C Q,PAN Q H. Varietal dependence of GLVs accumulation and LOXHPL pathway gene expression in four Vitis vinifera wine grapes[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2016,17(11):1924.
- [15] REID K E,OLSSON N,SCHLOSSER J,PENG F,LUND S T.An optimized grapevine RNA isolation procedure and statistical determination of reference genes for real-time RT-PCR during berry development[J]. BMC Plant Biology,2006,6(1):27.
- [16] BAUMES R,WIRTH J,BUREAU S,GUNATA Y,RAZUNGLES A. Biogeneration of C13-norisoprenoid compounds:experiments supportive for an apo-carotenoid pathway in grapevines[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta,2002,458(1):3-14.
- [17] LOPEZEMPARAN A,QUEZADAMARTINEZ D,ZUNIGABUSTOS M,CIFUENTES V,INIGUEZLUY F,FEDERICO M L. Functional analysis of the Brassica napus L. phytoene synthase(PSY)gene family[J]. PLoS One,2014,9(12):e114878.
- [18] LASHBROOKE J G,YOUNG P R,DOCKRALL S J,VASANTH K,VIVIER M A. Functional characterisation of three members of the Vitis vinifera L. carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase gene family[J]. BMC Plant Biology,2013,13(1):156.
- [19] CHAVES M M,SANTOS T P,SOUZA C R,ORTUNO M F,RODRIGUES M L,LOPES C M,MAROCO J P,PEREIRA J S. Deficit irrigation in grapevine improves water-use efficiency while controlling vigour and production quality[J]. Annals of Applied Biology,2007,150(2):237-252.
- [20] CHAVES M M,ZARROUK O,FRANCISCO R,COSTA J M,SANTOS T,REGALADO A P,RODRIGUES M L,LOPES C M. Grapevine under deficit irrigation:hints from physiological and molecular data[J]. Annals of Botany,2010,105(5):661-676.
- [21]温可睿,黄敬寒,潘秋红,段长青,王军.葡萄香气物质及其影响因素的研究进展[J].果树学报,2012,29(3):454-460.WEN Kerui,HUANG Jinghan,PAN Qiuhong,DUAN Changqing,WANG Jun. Research progress of aromatic compounds and influencing factors in grapes[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,2012,29(3):454-460.
- [22]成金丽,熊祖华,丁明,王文静.遮阳网在韭菜生产中应用试验初报[J].新疆农业科技,2015(2):18.CHENG Jinli,XIONG Zuhua,DING Ming,WANG Wenjing.Preliminary report on the application of shading net in the production of leeks[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Science and Technology,2015(2):18.
- [23]张彩青,孟慧,王登良.遮荫网覆盖对茶树高产优质的影响[J].广东茶业,2013(5):5-7.ZHANG Caiqing,MENG Hui,WANG Dengliang. Effect of shading net coverage on high yield and quality of tea tree[J].Guangdong Tea,2013(5):5-7.
- [24]唐颢,唐劲驰,黎健龙.高温干旱季节茶园覆盖遮荫的综合效应研究[J].广东农业科学,2008(8):26-29.TANG Hao,TANG Jinchi,LI Jianlong. Synthetical effects of shading on tea plantation during the high-temperature and drought season[J]. Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2008(8):26-29.
- [25] DOKOOZLIAN N K,KLIEWER W M. Influence of light on grape berry growth and composition varies during fruit development[J]. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,1996,121(5):869-874.
- [26]闫梅玲,王振平,范永,周明,孙盼,单守明,代红军.蔗糖代谢相关酶在赤霞珠葡萄果实糖积累中的作用[J].果树学报,2010,27(5):703-707.YAN Meiling,WANG Zhenping,FAN Yong,ZHOU Ming,SUN Pan,SHAN Shouming,DAI Hongjun. Roles of sucrosemetabolizing enzymes in accumulation of sugars in Cabernet Sauvignon grape fruit[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,2010,27(5):703-707.
- [27]杨晓帆.简易避雨栽培对‘霞多丽’葡萄果实香气物质及其前体物质积累的影响[D].北京:中国农业大学,2014.YANG Xiaofan. Effects of simple rain-shelter cultivation on aroma and its precursors accumulation in Vitis vinifera L.‘Chardonny’grape berries[D]. Beijing:China Agricultural University,2014.
- [28]孟楠,刘斌,潘秋红.葡萄果实降异戊二烯类物质合成调控研究进展[J].园艺学报,2015,42(9):1673-1682.MENG Nan,LIU Bin,PAN Qiuhong. Research advance on biosynthesis and regulation of norisoprenoids in grape berry[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2015,42(9):1673-1682.
- [29] MARAIS J,VAN-WYK C J,RAPP A. Effect of sunlight and shade on norisoprenoid levels in maturing Weisser Riesling and Chenin blanc grapes and Weisser Riesling wines[J]. South African Journal for Enology and Viticulture,1992,13(1):23-32.
- [30]杨晓帆,高媛,韩梅梅,彭振雪,潘秋红.云南高原区酿酒葡萄果实香气物质的积累规律[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(12):2405-2416.YANG Xiaofan,GAO Yuan,HAN Meimei,PENG Zhenxue,PAN Qiuhong. Accumulation characteristics of volatile compounds in wine grape berries grown in high altitude regions of Yunnan[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(12):2405-2416.
- [31]马腾臻.‘蛇龙珠’葡萄酒酒精发酵过程中品种香气释放调控研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2015.MA Tengzhen. Release of varietal aroma compounds during alcoholic fermentation of Cabernet Gernischt wine[D]. Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2015.
- [32] JACKSON D I,LOMBARD P B. Environmental and management practices affecting grape composition and wine quality-a review[J]. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture,1993,44(4):409-430.
- [33] YUAN F,QIAN M C. Development of C13-norisoprenoids,carotenoids and other volatile compounds in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir grapes[J]. Food Chemistry,2016,192:633-641.