张强;李兴亮;李民吉;周贝贝;孙健;魏钦平;

• 1:北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所.农业部华北地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】探讨我国‘富士’苹果品质与果实矿质元素含量的关系,筛选影响果实品质特性的主要矿质元素,建立‘富士’苹果优质的果实矿质元素含量优化方案,为提高‘富士’果实品质、减少生理病害的果园合理土壤和叶面施肥等提供理论依据。【方法】2010—2011年对我国苹果产区51个县(市)153个乔砧‘富士’苹果园的果实矿质元素和品质指标进行调查分析,应用偏最小二乘回归变量投影重要性筛选影响果实品质因子的主要果实矿质元素和建立回归方程,线性规划方法求解‘富士’苹果优质的果实矿质元素含量优化方案。【结果】我国‘富士’苹果果实中不同矿质元素含量和品质差异较大,氮、铁、锌和硼的含量分别相差12.06、6.17、7.7和10.08倍,果实可滴定酸含量和固酸比分别相差2.33和2.16倍;果实品质与果实矿质元素含量的相关分析表明,果实氮含量与果实可溶性固形物含量、固酸比和着色面积呈极显著的负相关,果实中钙、铁含量与果实可溶性固形物含量和固酸比呈极显著的正相关;偏最小二乘回归的模型效应载荷和权重分析表明,果实氮和铁对果实综合品质性状影响较大,其次是果实中的磷、钾和钙;果实单果质量主要受果实中氮、磷、钾的影响,并与磷、钾含量有较大的正效应系数,而与氮含量有负的效应系数;变量投影重要性获得了果实可溶性固形物含量主要受果实中氮、钙和铁的影响,并与果实氮含量有最大的负效应系数,而与果实铁和钙有正效应系数。‘富士’苹果优质的果实矿质元素最佳质量分数为:氮0.25%、磷0.07%~0.12%、钾0.7%~1.2%、钙700 mg?kg-1、铁105~184 mg?kg-1、锌4.3~9.0 mg?kg-1、硼16.8~43.0 mg?kg-1。【结论】降低果实氮含量,提高果实铁、磷、钾和钙含量是提高‘富士’果实品质的重要技术措施。

关键词(KeyWords)： ‘富士’苹果;果实矿质元素;果实品质;偏最小二乘回归;优化方案

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家苹果产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-28);; 林业公益性行业科研专项(201404720)

作者(Author): 张强;李兴亮;李民吉;周贝贝;孙健;魏钦平;

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