单氰胺对甜樱桃休眠解除及开花过程树体碳氮营养的影响Effects of hydrogen cyanamide on carbohydrates and nitrogen metabolism during endo-dormancy releasing and flowering of sweet cherries(Prunus avium L.)
王磊;张才喜;许文平;陈晓丹;彭勇政;王世平;马超;
摘要(Abstract):
【目的】探讨单氰胺对甜樱桃休眠解除与开花的影响。【方法】以甜樱桃‘萨米脱’为试材,对喷施单氰胺后‘萨米脱’的物候期、碳水化合物含量、氮素营养等变化进行研究。【结果】单氰胺的施用引起‘萨米脱’休眠解除提早约半个月,萌芽提早11 d,花期提前5 d,且花期持续缩短2 d,更重要的是坐果率增加了11.6%。单氰胺的施用促进了甜樱桃‘萨米脱’休眠解除过程中淀粉、蔗糖和山梨糖醇等含量的降低,葡萄糖、果糖和总氮的含量升高,抑制蛋白态氮的含量降低。【结论】单氰胺可以作为甜樱桃‘萨米脱’在冬季低温累积较低区域商业生产的一个重要手段。
关键词(KeyWords): 甜樱桃;休眠解除;单氰胺;碳水化合物;氮素含量
基金项目(Foundation): 农业部“948”项目(2013-Z23);; 上海市科委项目(10391900100)
作者(Author): 王磊;张才喜;许文平;陈晓丹;彭勇政;王世平;马超;
Email:
DOI: 10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20150501
参考文献(References):
- [1]王世平,袁彩娟,戴韵婷,舒缓,杨天仪,张才喜.上海地区栽培的欧洲甜樱桃花器发育的观察[J].园艺学报,2004,31(3):357-359.WANG Shiping,YUAN Caijuan,DAI Yunting,SHU Huan,YANG Tianyi,ZHANG Caixi.Development of flower organ in sweet cherry in Shanghai area[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2004,31(3):357-359.
- [2]LI B Z.XIE Z,ZHANG A,XU W,ZHANG C,LIU C,WANG S.Tree growth characteristics and flower bud differentiation of sweet cherry(Prunus avium L.)under different climate conditions in China[J].Horticultural Science(Prague),2010,37:6-13.
- [3]李勃,李淑平,谢兆森,许文平,张才喜,刘庆忠,刘成连,王世平.上海和烟台地区甜樱桃生物学特性及花芽分化进程研究[J].果树学报,2010,27(3):349-354.LI Bo,LI Shuping,XIE Zhaosen,XU Wenping,ZHANG Caixi,LIU Qingzhong,LIU Chenglian,WANG Shiping.Research on biological charateristics and flower bud differentiation in sweet cherry in Shanghai and Yantai[J].Jouranl of Fruit Science,2010,27(3):349-354.
- [4]李勃,王磊,张才喜,王世平.上海地区使用单氰胺打破甜樱桃休眠的效果[J].中国南方果树,2011,40(5):22-25.LI Bo,WANG Lei,ZHANG Caixi,WANG Shiping.Effect of hydrogen cyanamide on breaking the dormancy of sweet cherry in Shanghai[J].South China Fruits,2011,40(5):22-25.
- [5]张才喜,王磊,王世平.南方暖地甜樱桃短低温品种选育和利用[J].中国南方果树,2013,42(4):48-51.ZHANG Caixi,WANG Lei,WANG Shiping.Selection and utilization of low-chilling sweet cherry cultivars in the south warm winter region[J].South China Fruits,2013,42(4):48-51.
- [6]王磊,张才喜,王小龙,李节法,杨琪,王世平.暖地甜樱桃砧穗组合适应性研究[J].果树学报,2014,31(S1):139-145.WANG Lei,ZHANG Caixi,WANG Xiaolong,LI Jiefa,YANG Qi,WANG Shiping.Studies on scion/rootstock adaptability of sweet cherries(Prunus avium L.)in warm region[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2014,31(S1):139-145.
- [7]ARORA R,ROWLAND L J,TANINO K.Induction and release of bud dormancy in woody perennials:a science comes of age[J].Hort Science,2003,38(5):911-921.
- [8]姜卫兵,韩浩章,汪良驹,马凯.落叶果树需冷量及其机理研究进展[J].果树学报,2003,20(5):364-368.JIANG Weibing,HAN Haozhang,WANG Liangju,MA Kai.Advance in research of chilling requirement and the mechanism of deciduous fruit crops[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2003,20(5):364-368.
- [9]李宪利,袁志友,高东升.影响落叶果树芽休眠的因素[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2001,32(3):386-392.LI Xianli,YUAN Zhiyou,GAO Dongsheng.Factors that influence bud dormancy in deciduous fruits trees[J].Journal of Shandong Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition),2001,32(3):386-392.
- [10]高东升,束怀瑞,李宪利,陈学森.桃自然休眠过程中外源激素对花芽碳水化合物的调控效应[J].果树学报,2002,19(2):104-107.GAO Dongsheng,SHU Huairui,LI Xianli,CHEN Xuesen.Effect of exogenous plant growth hormones on the changes of carbohydrates in peach bud druing dormant period[J].Jouranl of Fruit Science,2002,19(2):104-107.
- [11]房玉林,耿万刚,孙伟,高春英,张昂,赵现华,孟江飞,张振文.赤霞珠葡萄休眠及萌发过程中的氮素代谢[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(24):5041-5049.FANG Yulin,GENG Wangang,SUN Wei,GAO Chunying,ZHANG Ang,ZHAO Xianhua,MENG Jiangfei,ZHANG Zhenwen.Studies on the nitrogen metabolism in process of dormancy and germination of Cabernet Sauvignon grapevine[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2011,44(24):5041-5049.
- [12]BALDOCCHI D,WONG S.Accumulated winter chill is decreasing in the fruit growing regions of California[J].Climatic Change,2008,87(1):153-166.
- [13]SILLER-CEPEDA J H,FUCHIGAMI L H,CHEN T H.Hydrogen cyanamide-induced budbreak and phytotoxicity in‘Redhaven’peach buds[J].Hort Science,1992,27(8):874-876.
- [14]JACKSON J E,BEPETE M.The effect of hydrogen cyanamide(Dormex)on flowering and cropping of different apple cultivars under tropical conditions of sub-optimal winter chilling[J].Scientia horticulturae,1995,60(3):293-304.
- [15]OR E,VILOZNY I,EYAL Y,OGROFOVITCH A.The transduction of the signal for grape bud dormancy breaking induced by hydrogen cyanamide may involve the SNF-like protein kinase GDBRPK[J].Plant molecular biology,2000,43(4):483-494.
- [16]MCPHERSON A C,RICHARDSON A C,SNELGAR W P,CURRIE M B.Effects of hydrogen cyanamide on budbreak and flowering in kiwifruit(Actinidia deliciosa‘Hayward’)[J].New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science,2001,29(4):277-285.
- [17]PRAMANIK S K,DUTTA S,BHATTACHARYYA A.Studies on the residue of hydrogen cyanamide in grape berries[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2009,82(5):644-646.
- [18]PEREZ F J,LIRA W.Possible role of catalase in post-dormancy bud break in grapevines[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2005,162(3):301-308.
- [19]KEILIN T,PANG X Q,VENKATESWARI J,HALALY T,CRANE O,KEREN A,OGRODOVITCH A,OPHIR R,VOLPIN H,GALVRAITH D,OR E.Digital expression profiling of a grape-bud EST collection leads to new insight into molecular events during grape-bud dormancy release[J].Plant Science,2007,173(4):446-457.
- [20]HALALY T,PANG X,BATIKOFF T,CRANE O,KEREN A,VENKATESWARI J,OGRODOVITCH A,SADKA A,LAVEE S,OR E.Similar mechanisms might be triggered by alternative external stimuli that induce dormancy release in grape buds[J].Planta,2008,228(1):79-88.
- [21]NIR G,SHULMAN Y,FANBERSTEIN L,LAVEE S.Changes in the activity of catalase(EC 1.11.1.6)in relation to the dormancy of grapevine(Vitis vinifera L.)buds[J].Plant Physiology,1986,81(4):1140-1142.
- [22]王改萍.杉木休眠芽萌发的氮素代谢和氮素营养研究[J].林业科技开发,2000,14(6):11-13.WANG Gaiping.Studies on nitrogen metabolism and nutrition of fir dormant buds during germination[J].China Forestry Science and Technology,2000,14(6):11-13.
- [23]BONHOMME M,RAGEAU R,LACOINTE A,GENDRAUD M.Influences of cold deprivation during dormancy on carbohydrate contents of vegetative and floral primordia and nearby structures of peach buds(Prunus persica L.Batch)[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2005,105(2):223-240.
- [24]BERNIER G,HAVELANGE A,HOUSSA C,PETITJEAN A,LEJEUNE P.Physiological signals that induce flowering[J].The Plant Cell,1993,5(10):1147-1155.
- [25]MAUREL K,SAKR S,GERBE F,GUILLIOT A,BONHOMME M,RAGEAU R.Sorbitol uptake is regulated by glucose through the hexokinase pathway in vegetative peach-tree buds[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2004,55(398):879-888.
- [26]PREDIERI S,DRIS R,SEKSE L,RAPPARINI F.Influence of environmental factors and orchard management on yield and quality of sweet cherry[J].Food,Agriculture and Environment,2003(1):263-266.
- [27]GONIDI A,PALASCIANO M,FERRARA G,CAMPOSEO S,PACIFICO A.On the advancement of bud break and fruit ripening induced by hydrogen cyanamide(Dormex®)in sweet cherry:a three-year study[C]//ISHS.V International Cherry Symposium795,2005:795.
- [28]RODRIGO J,HERRERO M.Effects of pre-blossom temperatures on flower development and fruit set in apricot[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2002,92(2):125-135.
- [29]HEDHLY A,HORMAZA J I,HERRERO M.Warm temperatures at bloom reduce fruit set in sweet cherry[J].Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality,2007,81(2):158-164.
- [30]MOHAMED H B,VADEL A M,BEUNS J M C,KHEMIRA H.Biochemical changes in dormant grapevine shoot tissues in response to chilling:possible role in dormancy release[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2010,124(4):440-447.
- [31]刘艳,赵虎成,李雄,王丽雪.梨枝条中淀粉、还原糖及脂类物质动态变化与抗寒性的关系[J].内蒙古农业大学学报,2002,23(1):57-60.LIU Yan,ZHAO Hucheng,LI Xiong,WANG Lixue.Dynamics of starch grain sugar materials and lipids on pear shoots and its relationship to cold resistance[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2002,23(1):57-60.
- [32]赵昶灵,武绍波,杜孝宇,李文祥.人工低温条件下滇中砀山酥梨休眠花芽及其着生处枝条中糖类含量的变化[J].植物生理学通讯,2000,36(5):414-417.ZHAO Changling,WU Shaobo,DU Xiaoyu,Li Wenxiang.Changes of the content of the saccharide in the dormant flower buds and their inserting shoots of Dangshan pear in the central part of Yunnan under artificial cooling condition[J].Plant Physiology Communications,2000,36(5):414-417.
- [33]高东升,夏宁,王兴安.休眠桃树枝条中碳水化合物的含量变化和外源生长调节剂对破除休眠的效应[J].植物生理学通讯,1999,35(1):10-12.GAO Dongsheng,XIA Ning,WANG Xing’an.Changes of carbohydrate content and effect of exogenous growth regulators on dormancy-breaking during dormant period of peach shoots[J].Plant Physiology Communications,1999,35(1):10-12.
- [34]MARQUAT C,VANDAMME M,GENDRAUD M,PETEL G.Dormancy in vegetative buds of peach:relation between carbohydrate absorption potentials and carbohydrate concentration in the bud during dormancy and its release[J].Scientia Horticulturae,1999,79(3):151-162.
- [35]唐洪梅.温度处理对欧李一年生休眠枝中淀粉酶及相关产物的影响[D].洛阳:河南科技大学,2012.TANG Hongmei.Effects of temperature on the activity of amylase and its related products in annual dormant branches of Cerasus humilis(Beg.)Sok.[D].Luoyang:Henan University of Science and Technology,2012.
- [36]MOHAMED H B,BADEL A M,GEUNS J M C,KHEMIRA H.Carbohydrate changes during dormancy release in Superior Seedless grapevine cuttings following hydrogen cyanamide treatment[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2012,140:19-25.
- [37]涂炳坤,丁小飞.香椿芽休眠萌发期间内源激素和碳水化合物的变化[J].林业科学,2003,39(4):159-161.TU Bingkun,DING Xiaofei.Changes in endogenous hormones and carbohydrates from dormancy to sprouting of Toona sinensis buds[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2003,39(4):159-161.
- [38]MILLARD P,NEILSEN G H.The influence of nitrogen supply on the uptake and remobilization of stored N for the seasonal growth of apple trees[J].Annals of Botany,1989,63(3):301-309.
- [39]KING A P,BERRY A M.Vineyardδ15 N,nitrogen and water status in perennial clover and bunch grass cover crop systems of California’s central valley[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2005,109(3):262-272.
- [40]MILLER C S,HALL W C.Defoliant metabolism,fate of cyanamide in cotton[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,1963,11(3):222-225.
- [41]EI-YAZAL M A S,RADY M M.Changes in nitrogen and polyamines during breaking bud dormancy in“Anna”apple trees with foliar application of some compounds[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2012,136:75-80.