孙文泰;刘兴禄;董铁;尹晓宁;牛军强;马明;

• 1:甘肃省农业科学院林果花卉研究所

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】探明黄土高原旱塬区不同覆盖措施(清耕、覆膜、覆草、覆沙)对苹果园土壤理化性状、根系分布及果实品质的影响。【方法】以12 a生苹果树为试材,采用土壤剖面分层取样法,对不同径级根系(直径≤2 mm、2⁵ mm、55 mm、5¹0mm及≥10 mm)进行空间分布调查,并对根系生物量、根长、表面积等进行详细分析;测定不同土层土壤容重、土壤孔隙度等。【结果】对照(CK)根系主要分布在距干010mm及≥10 mm)进行空间分布调查,并对根系生物量、根长、表面积等进行详细分析;测定不同土层土壤容重、土壤孔隙度等。【结果】对照(CK)根系主要分布在距干0⁹0 cm范围内的2090 cm范围内的20⁶0 cm土层中;覆草、覆沙处理主要分布在距干060 cm土层中;覆草、覆沙处理主要分布在距干0¹20 cm水平范围内的0120 cm水平范围内的0¹00 cm深土层中,以20100 cm深土层中,以20⁴0 cm根系最为密集;覆膜处理根系水平分布与CK相似,垂直方向使根系主要分布区域提升至040 cm根系最为密集;覆膜处理根系水平分布与CK相似,垂直方向使根系主要分布区域提升至0²0 cm土层,占根系总量的36.06%。各覆盖处理均可减小细根根径、增大比根长、减小大根径根系的下扎深度。覆盖处理土壤容重、土壤含水量、孔隙度均与根系总根长、根系生物量、根系表面积、根长密度呈极显著相关。【结论】覆膜处理根系显著上浮,覆草与覆沙可有效增大根系水平分布范围及垂直深度,增大根系的水肥吸收空间;土壤理化性质与根系生长分布密切相关。综合分析根系分布、树体生长与果实产量品质,覆草处理是陇东旱塬区苹果园较为适宜的地表覆盖方式。

关键词(KeyWords)： 苹果园;覆盖;土壤水分;土壤物理性质;根系分布;新梢生长;果实品质

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 甘肃省青年科技基金计划(1308RJYA074);; 陇东旱塬苹果园不同覆盖根系与根系生态效应响应机理研究(2015GAAS27);; 行业专项“黄土高原雨养农田水分高效利用技术研究与示范”(201303104);; 甘肃省苹果产业科技攻关项目(GPCK2010-1);; 国家苹果产业技术体系(CARS-28);; 农业部西北地区果树科学观测实验站

作者(Authors): 孙文泰;刘兴禄;董铁;尹晓宁;牛军强;马明;

DOI: 10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20150017

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