尹显慧;王梅;龙友华;田雪莲;朱流红;黎晓茜;徐朝云;王英;

• 1:贵州大学作物保护研究所
• 2:贵州农大黔盛生态农业有限公司

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】为猕猴桃种植中合理施用硫肥提供科学的参考依据。【方法】将土壤、有机肥和硫磺粉混匀后装盆,移栽1 a生猕猴桃嫁接苗,定期观察不同硫处理盆栽猕猴桃植株的生长情况;另外冬季在‘米良一号’猕猴桃老果园中采用不同浓度硫磺粉和有机肥混合作基肥进行环状沟施,翌年9月研究施硫处理对猕猴桃叶片叶绿体结构及果实品质的影响。【结果】施用适量的硫磺对翌年猕猴桃植株的生长有促进作用,当硫质量浓度大于2.5 kg·m~(-3)时,猕猴桃植株新梢生长较短,叶片较小,对猕猴桃植株的生长有抑制作用。施硫2 a后土壤性质发现了明显变化,质量浓度为1.0~2.0 kg·m~(-3)硫处理后,土壤pH符合猕猴桃适宜生长的范围,而1.5 kg·m~(-3)硫处理后,土壤的有机质、全氮和有效磷含量明显高于其他处理组。与对照不施硫相比,田间1.0 kg·m~(-3)硫处理的猕猴桃叶片中叶绿体呈规则的梭形,环绕在细胞内表面,基粒、基质片层清晰,基粒类囊体垛叠多且排列致密整齐,叶绿体内富含小颗粒的淀粉粒,且叶片细胞大小均一,排列整齐紧密;同时低、中质量浓度的硫处理明显改善了猕猴桃果实品质,其中以2.0 kg·m~(-3)硫处理效果最好,其单果质量、果形指数、果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量、维生素C含量、可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白含量分别比对照提高了11.19%、8.94%、32.65%、5.45%、9.16%、11.76%和26.92%;随着施硫量的增加,果实中全硫的含量也不断增加,但所有处理均在作物全硫含量安全范围内。【结论】施硫质量浓度为1.0~2.0 kg·m~(-3)时能改善土壤养分,稳定维持猕猴桃叶片细胞和叶绿体结构,明显改善果实品质。

关键词(KeyWords)： 猕猴桃;硫;叶绿体结构;品质

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 贵州省科技厅农业攻关项目[黔科合NY字(2009)3022];; 国家自然科学基金(31460481)

作者(Author): 尹显慧;王梅;龙友华;田雪莲;朱流红;黎晓茜;徐朝云;王英;

Email:

DOI:

参考文献(References)：

• [1]SINGH M I.A review of the sulphur research activities of the ICAR-AICRP micro and secondary nutrient project[J].Sulphur inAgriculture,1995,19:35-46.
• [2]RAUSCH T,WACHTER A.Sulfur metabolism:a versatile plat-form for launching defence operations[J].Trends in Plant Science,2005,10(10):1360-1385.
• [3]张秋芳.作物硫素营养的生理作用及其胁迫研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2001,23(5):136-139.ZHANG Qiufang.Advances in the research on sulphur nutritionalphysiology and deficient-S stress in crops[J].Acta AgriculturaeUniversitatis Jiangxiensis,2001,23(5):136-139.
• [4]WEIL R R,MUGHOGHO S K.Sulfur nutrition of maize in four re-gion of Malawi[J].Agronomy Journal,2000,92(4):649-656.
• [5]刘崇群,曹淑卿,陈国安,吴锡军.中国南方农业中的硫[J].土壤学报,1990,27(4):398-404.LIU Chongqun,CAO Shuqing,CHEN Guoan,WU Xijun.Sulphurin the agriculture of China[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1990,27(4):398-404.
• [6]李娟,林琼,陈子冲,章明清.不同供硫水平对水稻生长和养分吸收的影响[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(11):214-217.LI Juan,LIN Qiong,CHEN Zichong,ZHANG Mingqing.Effect ofdifferent levels of sulfur on rice growth and nutrients absorption[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2006,22(11):214-217.
• [7]ERCOLI L,ARDUINI I,MARIOTTI M,LULLI L,MASONI A.Management of sulphur fertiliser to improve durum wheat produc-tion and minimize S leaching[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2012,38(1):74-82.
• [8]包荣军,郑树生.土壤硫肥力与作物硫营养研究进展[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2006,18(3):37-40.BAO Rongjun,ZHENG Shusheng.Progress on soil sulfur fertilityand crop sulfur nutrition[J].Journal of Heilongjiang August FirstLand Reclamation University,2006,18(3):37-40.
• [9]郑诗樟.硫肥对土壤性质、重金属形态和作物生长的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2012.ZHENG Shizhang.Effect of sulphur fertilizers on soil properties,heavy metals fractions and crops growth[D].Wuhan:HuazhongAgricultural University,2012.
• [10]邓占华,卢树昌.华北中部平原麦田土壤供硫水平及施硫肥效果研究[J].河北农业科学,2010,14(2):36-38.DENG Zhanhua,LU Shuchang.Study on sulfur content and sulfurfertilizer application in wheat soil in central North China Plain[J].Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences,2010,14(2):36-38.
• [11]王媛媛,高波,张佳蕾,李向东.硫肥不同用量对花生生理性状及产量、品质的影响[J].山东农业科学,2014,46(12):67-71.WANG Yuanyuan,GAO Bo,ZHANG Jialei,LI Xiangdong.Ef-fects of different sulfur application rates on physiological charac-teristics,yield and quality of peanut[J].Shangdong AgriculturalSciences,2014,46(12):67-71.
• [12]刘丽君.硫素营养对大豆产质量影响的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2005.LIU Lijun.Effect of sulfur on yields and quality of soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merrill)[D].Harbin:Northeast Agricultural Univer-sity,2005.
• [13]朱英华,屠乃美,肖汉乾,王辉,邓力超.硫对烤烟生长发育及生理生化指标的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2008,14(4):28-32.ZHU Yinghua,TU Naimei,XIAO Hanqian,WANG Hui,DENGLichao.Effect of sulfur on the growth and physiological and biochemical indices of flue-cured tobacco[J].Chinese Acta Tabacar-ia Sinica,2008,14(4):28-32.
• [14]胡芳,王朴,石书兵,聂文魁,郭飞,刘正兴,院金谒.硫肥对大蒜形态特征、抗病性和产量的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2010,47(1):121-125.HU Fang,WANG Pu,SHI Shubing,NIE Wenkui,GUO Fei,LIUZhengxing,YUAN Jinye.Effect of sulphur fertilizer on morpholog-ical characteristics,disease resistance and yield of the garlic[J].Xingjiang Agricultural Sciences,2010,47(1):121-125.
• [15]龙友华,张承,龚芬,吴小毛,尹显慧.叶面施硒对猕猴桃含硒量、镉铅积累及品质的影响[J].食品科学,2015,37(11):74-78.LONG Youhua,ZHANG Cheng,GONG Fen,WU Xiaomao,YINXianhui.Effects of foliar application of selenium fertilizer on sele-nium content,accumulation of cadmium and lead,and fruit quali-ty of kiwifruit[J].Food Science,2015,37(11):74-78.
• [16]张凤云,毛富春,赵先贵.猕猴桃对氯和硫的耐性研究[J].西北林学院学报,2000,15(2):37-40.ZHANG Fengyun,MAO Fuchun,ZHAO Xiangui.A study on thechlorine and sulphur tolerance of Actinidia deliciosa[J].Journal ofNorthwest Forestry University,2000,15(2):37-40.
• [17]TAKáCS E,TéCSI L.Effects of NO3-/NH4+ratio on photosynthet-ic rate,nitrate reductase activity and chloroplast ultrastructure inthree cultivars of red pepper(Capsicum annuum L.)[J].Journalof Plant Physiology,1992,140(3):298-305.
• [18]任丽花,余华,罗土炎,黄敏敏,蔡南通,邱永祥.不同供氮水平对叶菜型甘薯生理指标及叶绿体结构的影响[J].福建农业学报,2011,26(3):360-364.REN Lihua,YU Hua,LUO Tuyan,HUANG Minmin,CAI Nan-tong,QIU Yongxiang.Effects of nitrogen in physiological andchloroplast characteristics of vegetable sweet potato[J].FujianJournal of Agricultural Sciences,2011,26(3):360-364.
• [19]韩艳婷,杨国顺,石雪晖,刘昆玉,陈冲.不同镁营养水平对红地球葡萄叶绿体结构及光合响应的影响[J].果树学报,2011,28(4):603-609.HAN Yanting,YANG Guoshun,SHI Xuehui,LIU Kunyu,CHENChong.Effects of different magnesium concentrations on chloro-plast ultrastructure and photosynthetic response of Vitis vinifera cv.Red Globe[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2011,28(4):603-609.
• [20]OSTASZEWSKA M,JUSZCZUK I M,KO?ODZIEJEK I,RYCHTER A M.Long-term sulphur starvation of Arabidopsis thaliana modifies mitochondrial ultrastructure and activity andchanges tissue energy and redox status[J].Journal of Plant Physi-ology,2014,171(7):549-558.
• [21]聂继云.果品质量安全分析技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2009:10-38.NIE Jiyun.Fruit quality and safety analysis technology[M].Bei-jing:Chemical Industry Press,2009:10-38.
• [22]李酉开.土壤农业化学常规分析方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1983.LI Youkai.Conventional analytical method of soil agriculturalchemistry[M].Beijing:Science Press,1983.
• [23]王利,高祥照,马文奇,刘艳华.中国农业中硫的消费现状、问题与发展趋势[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(6):1219-1226.WANG Li,GAO Xiangzhao,MA Wenqi,LIU Yanhua.Sulphur consumption in Chinese agriculture:situation and outlook[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2008,14(6):1219-1226.
• [24]KATIYAR A K,JAT A S,SINGH S.Response of sulphur fertiliz-ers on the yield and oil content of mustard in sandy loam soils ofUttar Pradesh[J].The Journal of Rural and Agricultural Research,2014,14(1):52-54.
• [25]郑长焰.硫对圆叶决明若干生理代谢以及产量和质量的影响[D].福州:福建农林大学,2007.ZHENG Changyan.Effect of sulphur on several physiological me-tabolisms,yield and quality of Chamecrista rotundifolia(CPI92985)[D].Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry Univer-sity,2007.
• [26]慕康国,赵秀琴,李健强,刘西莉.矿质营养与植物病害关系研究进展[J].中国农业大学学报,2000,5(1):84-90.MU Kangguo,ZHAO Xiuqin,LI Jianqiang,LIU Xili.Progressingon the relation between mineral nutrients and plant disease[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2000,5(1):84-90.
• [27]王庆仁,林葆.硫胁迫对油菜超微结构及超细胞水平硫分布的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1999,5(1):46-49.WANG Qingren,LIN Bao.Effect of sulfur stress on ultrastructureand sulfur distribution in vegetative and reproductive parts of oil-seed rape[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,1999,5(1):46-49.
• [28]李功藩,蔡琬平,吴亚君,刘东,张忠伟,黄峻.叶绿体结构状态与光化学活性的关系[J].植物生理学报,1987,13(3):295-301.LI Gongfan,CAI Wanping,WU Yajun,LIU Dong,ZHANG Zhong-wei,HUANG Jun.The relationship between structural status andphotochemical activity of chloroplasts[J].Acta PhytophysiologicaSinica,1987,13(3):295-301.
• [29]任亚梅.猕猴桃果实叶绿素代谢及生理特性研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2009.REN Yamei.Study on chlorophyll metabolism and physiologycharacteristics of kiwifruit[D].Yangling:Northwest Agricultureand Forestry University,2009.
• [30]郑诗樟,刘志良.硫肥对土壤质量和生物有效性的研究进展[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,46(5):688-693.ZHENG Shizhang,LIU Zhiliang.Advances on the availability ofsulphur fertilizers for soil quality and biology[J].Journal of Shan-dong Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition),2015,46(5):688-693.
• [31]刘勤,曹志洪.作物硫素营养与产品品质研究进展[J].土壤,2000,32(3):151-154.LIU Qin,CAI Zhihong.Advances on sulphur nutrition of crop forproduct quality[J].Soil,2000,32(3):151-154..
• [32]RILEY N G,ZHAO F J,MCGRATH S P.Availability of differentforms of sulphur fertilisers to wheat and oilseed rape[J].Plant andSoil,2000,222(1):139-147.
• [33]THOMAS S G,HOCHING T J,BILSBORROW P E.Effect of sul-phur fiertilisation on the growth and metabolism of sugar beetgrown on soils of differing sulphur status[J].Field Crops Re-search,2003,83(3):223-235.
• [34]曾宪坤.中国硫肥发展前景展望[J].磷肥与复肥,2003,18(7):5-7.ZENG Xiankun.An outlook for China’s sulfur fertilizer industry[J].Phosphate and Compound Fertilizer,2003,18(7):5-7.