刘松忠;魏钦平;王小伟;张强;刘军;丁三姐;

• 1:北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所

摘要(Abstract)：

以3 a生分根盆栽嘎拉苹果为试材,研究了不同根域交替灌溉不同水量对树体生长和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,灌水量调控了苹果新梢二次生长的发生、生长时间和速率,每一根域每次灌水量为500 mL时,仅4/4根域灌水处理的新梢出现二次生长;灌水量为750 mL时,2/4、3/4和4/4根域灌水处理的新梢均出现二次生长;灌水量为1 000 mL时,1/4、2/4、3/4和4/4处理的新梢均有二次生长,其二次生长随着灌水根域的增多而时间提早,生长速率加快。每一根域灌水量相同时,植株主干、枝条、叶片、根系和总生物量随灌水根域增多而提高,750 mL与1 000mL根域灌水处理差异不显著。植株的水分利用效率随灌水根域的增多而降低。从确保树体正常生长和提高树体水分利用效率综合分析,2/4根域每次灌水750 mL为最佳灌溉方案。

关键词(KeyWords)： 苹果;根域;交替灌溉;生长;水分利用效率

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家现代农业(苹果)产业技术体系(MATS);; 公益性行业(农业)科研专项(nyhyzx07-024);; 国家科技支撑计划(2008BAD92B08-4)

作者(Author): 刘松忠;魏钦平;王小伟;张强;刘军;丁三姐;

Email:

DOI: 10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.2010.02.002

参考文献(References)：

• [1]http://www.agri.gov.cn/sjzl/2007/101.htm.2007年中国农业统计资料,中国农业信息网.
• [2]STOLL M,LOVEYS B,DRY P.Hormonal changes induced by par-tialrootzonedryingofirrigatedgrapevine[J].JExpBot,2000,51:1627-1634.
• [3]DAVIES W J,WILKINSON S,LOVEYS B.Stomatal control bychemical signalling and the exploitation of this mechanism to in-crease water use efficiency in agriculture[J].New Phytol,2002,153:449-460.
• [4]TAHI H,WAHBI S,WAKRIM R,AGANCHICH B,SERRAJ R,CENTRITTO M.Water relations,photosynthesis,growth and wateruse efficiency in tomato plants subjected to partial rootzone dryingand regulated deficit irrigation[J].Plant Biosyst,2007,141:265-274.
• [5]TOPCU S,KIRDA C,DASGAN Y.Yield response an N-fertilizerrecovery of tomato grown under deficit irrigation[J].Eur J Agron,2006,26:64-70.
• [6]ZOU Yang-jun,LI Jia-rui,WEI Qin-ping,WANG Xiao-wei.Study on water saving mechanism and effect of flower promoting andshoot controlling of partial root zone irrigation for apple trees[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2007,26(4):28-31.邹养军,李嘉瑞,魏钦平,王小伟.苹果根系分区灌水的节水机理与控梢促花效应研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2007,26(4):28-31.
• [7]ZOU Yang-jun,WEI Qin-ping,LI Jia-rui.Studies on effects ofpartial rootzone irrigation in different stages of development on appletrees[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2005,21(8):286-288.邹养军,魏钦平,李嘉瑞.苹果不同生育期根系分区灌水的生理效应研究[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(8):286-288.
• [8]ZOU Yang-jun,WEI Qin-ping,LI Jia-rui,WANG Xiao-wei.Ef-fects of partial rootzones irrigation on endogenous hormones andgrowth of apple branches and leaves[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2006,33(5):1039-1041.邹养军,魏钦平,李嘉瑞,王小伟.根系分区灌水对苹果叶片内源激素及生长的影响[J].园艺学报,2006,33(5):1039-1041.
• [9]WEI Qin-ping,LIU Song-zhong,WANG Xiao-wei,ZHANGQiang,LIU Jun,DING San-jie.Effects of partial root-zone alterna-tive irrigation on growth and leaf’s physiological characteristics ofapple trees[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2009,42(8):2844-2851.魏钦平,刘松忠,王小伟,张强,刘军,丁三姐.苹果分根交替灌溉不同水量对生长和叶片生理特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(8):2844-2851.
• [10]KANG Shao-zhong,PAN Ying-hua,SHI Pei-ze.Controlled root-divided alternative irrigation-Theory and Experiments[J].Journal ofHydraulic Engineering,2001,11:80-86.康绍忠,潘英华,石培泽.控制性作物根系分区交替灌溉的理论与试验[J].水利学报,2001,11:80-86.
• [11]GU S L,DAVID Z,SIMON G,GREG J.Effect of partial root zonedrying on vine water relations,vegetative growth,mineral nutrition,yield and fruit quality in field-grown mature sauvignon blancgrapevines[M].Research Notes,#000702,California AgriculturalTechnology Institute,California State University,Fesno,2000.
• [12]KIRDA C,CETIN M,DASGAN Y,TOPCU S.Yield response ofgreenhouse grown tomato to partial drying and conventional deficitirrigation[J].Agric.Water Manag,2004,69:191-201.
• [13]LOVEYS B R,STROLL M,DRY P R,MCCARTHY M.Partial root-zone drying stimulates stress responses in grapevine to improve wateruse efficiency while maintaining crop yield and quality[J].AstralianGrapegrower and Winemaker Technical Issue,1998,414:108-114.
• [14]JOHN V P.The influence of controlled water inputs on grape qualityin regions of Australia with hot Mediterranean climates[J].Acta Hort,2000,582:101-106.
• [15]SPREER W,NAGLE M,NEIDHART S,CARLE R,ONGPRASERTS,MULLER J.Effect of regulated deficit irrigation and partial root-zone drying on the quality of mango fruits(Mangifera indica L.cv.Chok Anan)[J].Agricultural Water Management,2007,88:173-180.
• [16]KANG S Z,HU X T,JERIE P,ZHANG J H.Effects of partial root-zone drying on root,trunk sap flow and water balance in an irrigatedpear(Pyrus connunis L.)orchard[J].Journal of Hydrology,2003,280:192-206.
• [17]LEIB B G,CASPARI W,REDULLA C A,ANDWERS P K,JABRO J J.Partial rootzone drying and deficit irrigation of Fuji ap-ples in a semi-arid climate[J].Irrigation Sciences,2006,24:85-99.