温国;孙皓浦;党江波;蒋朋飞;王金英;杨垚;郭启高;梁国鲁;

• 1:西南大学园艺园林学院和农业科学研究院·南方山地园艺学教育部重点实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】探讨多倍体与二倍体枇杷(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.)叶片生理形态特征差异并进行抗旱性初步评价,为枇杷倍性鉴定及抗旱性评价提供参考。【方法】以4个系列18个不同倍性枇杷株系为试验材料,对各株系叶片的形态解剖结构、失水率(RWL)、营养元素含量、叶绿素(Chl)含量进行观察、测定和分析。通过隶属函数法,对其抗旱能力进行初步评价。【结果】枇杷叶片长度、宽度与倍性呈极显著正相关(p <0.01),叶形指数与倍性呈极显著负相关(p <0.01);10项枇杷叶片解剖结构指标与倍性关联度强弱排序依次为:下表皮、上角质层、海绵组织、叶片组织细胞结构疏松度(SR)、叶厚、叶片组织细胞结构紧密度(CTR)、下角质层、栅栏组织、栅栏组织细胞层数、上表皮,其中上角质层、下角质层、CTR与倍性呈负相关;在40℃下干旱处理6 h后,A系列、H系列、K系列失水率与倍性均呈负相关,在24 h后失水率与倍性呈显著负相关(p <0.05);氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)、铁(Fe)、叶绿素a(Chl.a)、叶绿素b(Chl.b)、总叶绿素含量Chl.(a+b)含量与倍性关联度强弱排序依次为:N、K、P、Chl.b、Chl.(a+b)、Fe、Chl.a,其中N、P、K含量与倍性呈负相关;参考枇杷叶片解剖结构与失水率进行抗旱性隶属函数分析‘:A313’(3x)‘、A322’(3x)‘、B350’(3x)‘、B431’(4x)‘、4X(2)’(4x)‘、H324’(3x)‘、K3’(3x)‘、K4’(4x)抗旱性均强于同系列二倍体。【结论】枇杷叶片生理形态指标可作为枇杷倍性鉴定的参考指标,抗旱性评价中的8个抗旱性强的多倍体枇杷材料可用于进一步抗旱性研究,培育多倍体可作为提高枇杷抗旱性的一种途径。

关键词(KeyWords)： 枇杷;多倍体;生理形态特征;抗旱性;隶属函数法

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金（31701876）;; 重庆市科委重点研发项目（cstc2018jscx-mszdX0054）;重庆市科委基础科学与前沿技术研究（一般）（cstc2017jcyjAX0433）;; 西南大学中央高校基本科研业务费团队项目（XDJK2019AA001）

作者(Author): 温国;孙皓浦;党江波;蒋朋飞;王金英;杨垚;郭启高;梁国鲁;

Email:

参考文献(References)：

• [1]王武,秦国伦.重庆市枇杷生产现状及探讨[J].中国果业信息,2009,26(2):11-12.WANG Wu,QIN Guolun.Present situation and discussion of loquat production in Chongqing[J].China Fruit News,2009,26(2):11-12.
• [2]邓振镛,张强,倾继祖,徐金芳,黄蕾诺,张树誉.气候暖干化对中国北方干热风的影响[J].冰川冻土,2009,31(4):664-671..DENG Zhenyong,ZHANG Qiang,QING Jizu,XU Jinfang,HUANG Leinuo,ZHANG Shuyu.Impact of climate warming and drying on hot-arid wind in Northern China[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2009,31(4):664-671.
• [3]陈欢.重庆气候变化基本特征与极端气候事件的研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2011.CHEN Huan.Primary character of climate change and the research on extreme weather-climate events in Chongqing[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2011.
• [4]郭启高,宋明,梁国鲁.植物多倍体诱导育种研究进展[J].生物学通报,2000,35(2):8-10.GUO Qigao,SONG Ming,LIANG Guolu.Advances in plant polyploid induction breeding[J].Bulletin of Biology,2000,35(2):8-10.
• [5]梁国鲁,汪卫星,向素琼,郭启高,李晓林.天然三倍体枇杷叶片解剖结构观察[C].全国枇杷学术年会,2007.LIANG Guolu,WANG Weixing,XIANG Suqiong,GUO Qigao,LI Xiaolin.Observation on anatomical structure of natural triploid loquat leaves[C].National Loquat Academic Annual Meeting,2007.
• [6]李泽坤,周婷.枇杷育种研究进展[J].现代园艺,2013(1):6-9.LI Zekun,ZHOU Ting.Research progress of loquat breeding[J].Modern Horticulture,2013(1):6-9.
• [7]王化坤,钱剑林,杨忠星,储春荣,李浩宇,周建锋,郄红丽,周晓明.抗寒优质白肉枇杷新品种‘冬玉’的选育[J].果树学报,2016,33(11):1464-1467.WANG Huakun,QIAN Jianlin,YANG Zhongxing,CHU Chunrong,LI Haoyu,ZHOU Jianfeng,QIE Hongli,ZHOU Xiaoming.Breeding of a new cold-resistant and high quality white pulp loquat cultivar‘Dongyu’[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2016,33(11):1464-1467.
• [8]CHECHOWITZ N,CHAPPELL D M,GUTTMAN S I,WEIGTL A.Morphological,electrophoretic,and ecological analysis of Quercus macrocarpa populations in the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming[J].Canadian Journal of Botany,1990,68(10):2185-2194.
• [9]吴丽君,李志辉,杨模华,王佩兰.赤皮青冈幼苗叶片解剖结构对干旱胁迫的响应[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(12):3619-3626.WU Lijun,LI Zhihui,YANG Mohua,WANG Peilan.Response of leaf anatomical characteristics of Cyclobalanopsis gilva seedlings to drought stress[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(12):3619-3626.
• [10]GRISAFI F,BONAFEDE E,VECCHIA F D,RASCIO N.Some morphological,anatomical,physiological responses of different olive cultivars to high temperatures and drought stress[J].Acta Botanica Gallica,2004,151(3):241-253.
• [11]WU Y B,HONG W J,CHEN Y H.Leaf physiological and anatomical characteristics of two indicator species in the limestone region of Southern China under drought stress[J].Pakistan Journal of Botany,2018,50:1335-1342.
• [12]BO W,FU B C,QIN G J,XING G M,WANG Y G.Evaluation of drought-resistance in Iris germanica L.based on subordination function and principal component analysis[J].Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture,2017,29(10):770-778.
• [13]YANG C W,ZHAO L,ZHANG H K,YANG Z Z,WANG H,WEN S S,ZHANG C Y,RUSTGI S,VON W D,LIU B.Evolution of physiological responses to salt stress in hexaploid wheat[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2014,111(32):11882-11887.
• [14]COATE J E,POWELL A F,OWENS T G,DOYLE J J.Transgressive physiological and transcriptomic responses to light stress in allopolyploid Glycine dolichocarpa(Leguminosae)[J].Heredity,2013,110(2):160-170.
• [15]DENG B L,DU W C,LIU C L,SUN W W,TIAN S,DONG HS.Antioxidant response to drought,cold and nutrient stress in two ploidy levels of tobacco plants:low resource requirement confers polytolerance in polyploids?[J].Plant Growth Regulation,2012,66(1):37-47.
• [16]朱红菊,刘文革.植物同源多倍体耐盐性研究进展[J].遗传,2018,40(4):315-326.ZHU Hongju,LIU Wenge.Progress on salt resistance in autopolyploid plants[J].Hereditas,2018,40(4):315-326.
• [17]伊稍.植物解剖学[M].北京:科学出版社,1962.YI Shao.Vegetable anatomy[M].Beijing:Science Press,1962.
• [18]仝月澳,周厚基.果树营养诊断法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1982.TONG Yueao,ZHOU Houji.Fruit tree nutrition diagnosis[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1982.
• [19]谢季坚.模糊数学方法及其应用[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2013.XIE Jijian.Fuzzy mathematical method and its application[M].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science&Technology Press,2013.
• [20]HE Q,LI X W,LIANG G L,JI K,GUO Q G,YUAN W M,ZHOU G Z,CHEN K S,ERIC V D W W,GAO Z S.Genetic diversity and identity of Chinese loquat cultivars/accessions(Eriobotrya japonica)using apple SSR markers[J].Plant Molecular Biology Reporter,2011,29(1):197-208.
• [21]赵旗峰,张晓萍,黄丽萍,王敏,赵雪辉,马小河.二倍体与四倍体葡萄品种形态特征与若干生理指标比较研究[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(1):68-74.ZHAO Qifeng,ZHANG Xiaoping,HUANG Liping,WANGMin,ZHAO Xuehui,MA Xiaohe.Morphological characteristics and a few physiological indices of diploid and tetraploid grape cultivars:a comparative study[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2018,34(1):68-74.
• [22]GANEM N J,PELLMAN D.Limiting the proliferation of polyploid cells[J].Cell,2007,131(3):437-440.
• [23]TSUKAYA H.Controlling size in multicellular organs:Focus on the Leaf[J].Plos Biology,2008,6(7):e174.
• [24]BEAULIEU J M,LEITCH I J,PATEL S,PENDHARKAR A,KNIGHT C A.Genome size is a strong predictor of cell size and stomatal density in angiosperms[J].New Phytologist,2008,179(4):975-986.
• [25]CHAO D Y,DILKES B,LUO H B,DOUGLAS A,YAKUBO-VA E,LAHNER B,SALT D E.Polyploids exhibit higher potassium uptake and salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis[J].Science,2013,341(6146):658-659.
• [26]MOTOSUGI H,YAMAMOTO Y,NARUO T,KITABYASHIH,ISHII T.Comparison of the growth and leaf mineral concentrations between three grapevine rootstocks and their corresponding tetraploids inoculated with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora margarita[J].Vitis-Geilweilerhof,2002,41(1):21-25.
• [27]JONES R J,LOCH D S,LEFEUVRE R P.Differences in mineral concentration among diploid and tetraploid cultivars of rhodesgrass(Chloris gayana)[J].Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture,1995,35(8):11-24.
• [28]SH E M,DORRA M D M,EL-HADY E A A A,HIABA A A A,MOHAMED A Y.Comparative studies on diploid and tetraploid levels of Nicotiana alata[J].Academic Journal of Plant Sciences,2009,2(3):182-188.
• [29]刘文革.不同染色体倍性西瓜(Citrullus lanatus)的遗传变异和抗逆机理研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2003.LIU Wenge.Genetic variation and adverse stress resistance mechanism of different ploidy watermelon(Citrullus lanatus)[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2003.
• [30]王镇,党选民,詹园凤.不同倍性小型西瓜主要农艺性状的比较分析[J].中国蔬菜,2010(2):51-55.WANG Zhen,DANG Xuanmin,ZHAN Yuanfeng.Comparative study on major agronomic characteristics of different ploidy mini-watermelons[J].China Vegetables,2010(2):51-55.
• [31]BEYAZ R,ALIZADEH B,GUREL S,OZCAN S F,YILDIZ M.Sugar beet(Beta vulgaris L.)growth at different ploidy levels[J].Caryologia,2013,66(1):90-95.
• [32]侯喜林,徐明宇,张蜀宁.白菜不同倍性材料间光合特性差异研究[J].园艺学报,2006,33(6):1338-1340.HOU Xilin,XU Mingyu,ZHANG Shuning.Study on differences of photosynthetic characteristics in diploid and tetraploid of non-heading chinese cabbage[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2006,33(6):1338-1340.
• [33]魏望,施富超,王东玮,彭丽,葛刚,孙宝腾.多倍体植物抗逆性研究进展[J].西北植物学报,2016,36(4):846-856.WEI Wang,SHI Fuchao,WANG Dongwei,PENG Li,GE Gang,SUN Baoteng.Research progress on stress resistance in polyploidy plants[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2016,36(4):846-856.
• [34]彭少兵.树莓、黑莓不同品种抗旱性及开花结实规律的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2004.PENG Shaobing.A study on the drought-resistance of and laws of blossom and fruit of different raspberry and blackberry varieties[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2004.
• [35]BAHRAMI F,ARZANI A,AMINI H.Leaf anatomical characteristics in safflower genotypes as affected by drought stress[J].Acta Biologica Szegediensis,2013,57(1):39-42.
• [36]CHEN X J,MIN D H,YASIR T A,HU Y G.Evaluation of 14morphological,yield-related and physiological traits as indicators of drought tolerance in Chinese winter bread wheat revealed by analysis of the membership function value of drought tolerance(MFVD)[J].Field Crops Research,2012,137(3):195-201.
• [37]郭改改,封斌,麻保林,井赵斌,张应龙,郭春会.不同区域长柄扁桃抗旱性的研究[J].植物科学学报,2013,31(4):360-369.GUO Gaigai,FENG Bin,MA Baolin,JIN Zhaobin,ZHANGYinglong,GUO Chunhui.Studies on drought-resistance of different regional amygdalus pedunculata pall[J].Plant Science Journal,2013,31(4):360-369.
• [38]刘滨,彭励,郑丽萍,任树勇.宁夏10种观赏灌木叶片解剖结构及其抗旱性综合评价[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(9):1808-1816.LIU Bin,PENG Li,ZHENG Liping,REN Shuyong.Drought-resistance study of 10 major ornamental shrub in Ningxia[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2013,33(9):1808-1816.
• [39]LIU C Y,YANG Z Y,HU Y G.Drought-resistance of wheat alien chromosome addition lines evaluated by membership function value based on multiple traits and drought-resistance index of grain yield[J].Field Crops Research,2015,179:103-112.