张林林;许长新;焦蕊;于丽辰;贺丽敏;李立涛;

• 1:河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】探索施药和田间生草对苹果园节肢动物群落多样性的影响,为提高幼龄苹果园生物防治效果和天敌利用提供参考。【方法】通过田间节肢动物群落调查,研究施药清耕、地布+行间自然生草、自然生草和非施药的清耕、地布+行间自然生草、自然生草对幼龄苹果园节肢动物群落结构及相对稳定性的影响。【结果】幼龄苹果园内节肢动物种类包括14目77科123种,植食性害虫主要为蚜科、蓟马科和飞虱科害虫,金蛛科为主要天敌,蝇科昆虫为中性种类。田间生草能显著提高物种丰富度、多样性、均匀度、相对稳定性,施药能显著减少苹果园天敌和中性物种数量,促进植食性害虫增加,降低群落结构稳定性。主成分分析表明,物种多样性指数、均匀度、物种数量、优势集中性为第一主成分,物种丰富度为第二主成分;相似性指数和聚类分析分析结果表明,节肢动物群落分成4大类:自然生草不施药和地布+行间自然生草不施药、自然生草施药和地布+行间自然生草施药、清耕施药、清耕不施药。【结论】幼龄苹果园内生草可以优化节肢动物群落结构,提高群落多样性、均匀度、相对稳定性和天敌生物数量,可以逐步达到利用生态途径控制有害生物、减少化学农药使用量的目的。

关键词(KeyWords)： 苹果园;施药;非施药;清耕;自然生草;地布+行间自然生草;群落特征

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 河北省农林科学院博士基金(F17R06008);河北省农林科学院创新工程(2019-1-1-5);; 国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0201400)第七课题(2018YFD0201407);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201000)

作者(Author): 张林林;许长新;焦蕊;于丽辰;贺丽敏;李立涛;

Email:

DOI: 10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20190501

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