滕元文;

• 1:浙江大学农业与生物技术学院·农业部园艺植物生长发育与品质调控重点实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

按照传统的形态学分类,梨属(Pyrus L.)植物属于蔷薇科的苹果亚科。近年来的蔷薇科分子系统发育研究将蔷薇科的亚科分为蔷薇亚科(Rosoideae)、桃亚科(Amygdaloideae)和仙女木亚科(Dryadoideae)。在新的蔷薇科分类系统下,梨属被归于桃亚科下苹果族Maleae的苹果亚族Malinae。梨属植物的分布横跨欧亚大陆,天山和兴都库什山以东分布的梨属植物种为东方梨,以西的称为西方梨。利用多个叶绿体和核DNA序列的梨属分子系统发育研究表明,梨属植物的主要进化方式为快速辐射进化和网状进化,支持东西方梨独立进化的观点。在系统树上只有P.mamorensis、P.gharbiana、P.cossonii、P.regelii和P.betulaefolia等5个梨属种为单源。被当作梨属植物原种后代的豆梨(P.calleryana)被证明为杜梨和川梨的可疑杂种。国内外多个研究小组利用不同DNA标记的研究表明,东亚主栽的中国砂梨、白梨和日本梨地方品种可能起源于共同的祖先—野生砂梨,但不同品种群的形成过程中可能受到所在地域梨属种的基因渐渗。基于新的研究结果和国际栽培植物命名法则,我们提出了白梨品种群的新名称:Pyrus pyrifolia White Pear Group。最新研究证实秋子梨品种起源于野生秋子梨与白梨/砂梨品种的杂交。未来需要收集更多相关的野生梨样品,采用新的研究策略重建梨属系统发育关系,阐明主要栽培梨系统的起源演化。

关键词(KeyWords)： 梨属;系统发育;梨品种;起源

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 浙江省园艺作物育种先进技术团队项目(2013TD05);; 浙江省农业(果品)新品种选育重大科技专项(2016C02052)

作者(Authors): 滕元文;

DOI: 10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20160211

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