滕元文;

• 1:浙江大学农业与生物技术学院·农业部园艺植物生长发育与品质调控重点实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

按照传统的形态学分类,梨属(Pyrus L.)植物属于蔷薇科的苹果亚科。近年来的蔷薇科分子系统发育研究将蔷薇科的亚科分为蔷薇亚科(Rosoideae)、桃亚科(Amygdaloideae)和仙女木亚科(Dryadoideae)。在新的蔷薇科分类系统下,梨属被归于桃亚科下苹果族Maleae的苹果亚族Malinae。梨属植物的分布横跨欧亚大陆,天山和兴都库什山以东分布的梨属植物种为东方梨,以西的称为西方梨。利用多个叶绿体和核DNA序列的梨属分子系统发育研究表明,梨属植物的主要进化方式为快速辐射进化和网状进化,支持东西方梨独立进化的观点。在系统树上只有P.mamorensis、P.gharbiana、P.cossonii、P.regelii和P.betulaefolia等5个梨属种为单源。被当作梨属植物原种后代的豆梨(P.calleryana)被证明为杜梨和川梨的可疑杂种。国内外多个研究小组利用不同DNA标记的研究表明,东亚主栽的中国砂梨、白梨和日本梨地方品种可能起源于共同的祖先—野生砂梨,但不同品种群的形成过程中可能受到所在地域梨属种的基因渐渗。基于新的研究结果和国际栽培植物命名法则,我们提出了白梨品种群的新名称:Pyrus pyrifolia White Pear Group。最新研究证实秋子梨品种起源于野生秋子梨与白梨/砂梨品种的杂交。未来需要收集更多相关的野生梨样品,采用新的研究策略重建梨属系统发育关系,阐明主要栽培梨系统的起源演化。

关键词(KeyWords)： 梨属;系统发育;梨品种;起源

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 浙江省园艺作物育种先进技术团队项目(2013TD05);; 浙江省农业(果品)新品种选育重大科技专项(2016C02052)

作者(Author): 滕元文;

Email:

参考文献(References)：

• [1]POTTER D,ERIKSSON T,EVANS RC,OH S,SMEDMARK JEE,MORGAN D R,KERR M,ROBERTSON K R,ARSENAULT M,DICKINSON T A,CAMPBEL C S.Phylogeny and classification of Rosaceae[J].Plant Systematics and Evolution,2007,266(1-2):5-43.
• [2]SCHUULZE-MENZ G K.Rosaceae[M]//MELCHIOR H.Engler’s Syllabus der P fl anzenfamilien II.12th ed.Berlin:Gebrüder Borntraeger,1964:209-218.
• [3]MCNEILL J,BARRIE F R,BUCK W R,DMOULIN V,GREUTER W,HAWKSWORTH D L,HERENDEEN P S,KNAPP S,MARHOLD K,PRADO J,PRUD’HOMME VAN REINE W F,SMITH G F,WIERSEMA J,TURLAND N J.International code of nomenclature for algae,fungi,and plants(Melbourne code)[M].Germany:Koeltz Scientific Books,2012.
• [4]RUBTSOV G A.Geographical distribution of the genus Pyrus and trends and factors in its evolution[J].American Naturalist,1944,78(777):358-366.
• [5]CHALLICE J S,WESTWOOD M N.Numerical taxonomic studies of the genus Pyrus using both chemical and botanical characters[J].Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society,1973,67(2):121-148.
• [6]滕元文,柴明良,李秀根.梨属植物分类的历史回顾及新进展[J].果树学报,2004,21(3):252-257.TENG Yuanwen,CHAI Mingliang,LI Xiugen.A historic retrospect and the progress in the taxonomy of the genus Pyrus[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2004,21(3):252-257.
• [7]BAILEY L H.Pyrus[M]//Standard cyclopedia of horticulture.Vol.5.New York:Macmillan,1917:2865-2878.
• [8]俞德浚,陆玲娣,谷粹芝.中国植物志,36卷[M].北京:科学出版,1974:354-372.YU Dejun,LU Lingdi,GU Cuizhi.Flora of China,Vol 36[M].Beijing:Science Press,1974:354-372.
• [9]TENG Y,TANABE K,TAMURA F,ITAI A.Genetic relationships of pear cultivars in Xinjiang,China as measured by RAPD markers[J].Journal of Horticultural Science&Biotechnology,2001,76(76):771-779.
• [10]俞德浚,关克俭.中国蔷薇科植物分类之研究(一)[J].植物分类学报,1963,8(3):202-234.YU Dejun,GUAN Kejian.Taxa nava Rosacearum(1)[J].Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica,1963,8(3):202-236.
• [11]JIANG S,ZHENG X,YU P,YUE X,AHMED M,CAI D,TENG Y.Primitive genepools of Asian pears and their complex hybrid origins inferred from fluorescent sequence-specific amplification polymorphism(SSAP)markers based on LTR retrotransposons[J].PLo S One,2016,11(2):e0149192.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0149192.
• [12]ZAMANI A,ATTAR F,MAROOFI H.A synopsis of the genus Pyrus(Rosaceae)in Iran[J].Nordic Journal of Botany,2012,30(3):310-332.
• [13]TENG Y,TANABE K.Reconsideration on the origin of cultivated pears native to East Asia[J].Acta Horticulturae,2004,634:175-182.
• [14]郑小艳,滕元文.基于多种DNA序列的霉梨起源初探[J].园艺学报,2014,41(10):2107-2114.ZHENG Xiaoyan,TENG Yuanwen.Origin of Meili(Pyrus L.)based on data from multiple DNA sequences[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2014,41(10):2107-2114.
• [15]WESTWOOD M N,CHALLICE J S.Morphology and surface topography of pollen and anthers of Pyrus specises[J].Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,1978,103:28-37.
• [16]邹乐敏,张西民,张志德,宋保邦,郭绍仙.根据花粉形态探讨梨属植物的亲缘关系[J].园艺学报,1986,13(4):119-223.ZOU Lemin,ZHANG Ximin,ZHANG Zhide,SONG Baobang,GUO Shaoxian.Studies on the systematic relationship of some of the species in the genus Pyrus based on pollen grain morphology[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,1986,13(4):119-223.
• [17]JANG J T,TANABE K,TAMURA F,BANNO K.Identification of Pyrus species by leaf peroxidase isozyme phenotypes[J].Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science,1992,61(2):273-286.
• [18]IKETANI H,MANABE T,MATSUTA N,AKIHAMA T,HAYASHI T.Incongruence between RFLPs of chloroplast DNA and morphological classification in East Asian pear(Pyrus spp.)[J].Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution,1998,45(6):533-539.
• [19]TENG Y,TANABE K,TAMURA F,ITAI A.Genetic relationships of Pyrus species and cultivars native to East Asia revealed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA markers[J].Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,2002,127(2):262-270.
• [20]BAO L,CHEN K,ZHANG D,CAO Y,YAMAMOTO T,TENG Y.Genetic diversity and similarity of pear cultivars native to East Asia revealed by SSR(Simple Sequence Repeat)markers[J].Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution,2007,54(5):959-971.
• [21]BAO L,CHEN K,ZHANG D,LI X,TENG Y.An assessment of genetic variability and relationships within asian pears based on AFLP(Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism)markers[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2008,116(4):374-380.
• [22]YAO L,ZHENG X,CAI D,GAO Y,WANG K,CAO Y,TENG Y.Exploitation of Malus EST-SSRs and the utility in evaluation of genetic diversity in Malus and Pyrus[J].Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution,2010,57(6):841-851.
• [23]YUE X,LIU G,ZONG Y,TENG Y,CAI D.Development of genic SSR markers from transcriptome sequencing of pear buds[J].Journal of Zhejiang University Science B,2014,15(4):303-312.
• [24]JIANG S,ZONG Y,YUE X,POSTMAN J,TENG Y,CAI D.Prediction of retrotransposons and assessment of genetic variability based on developed retrotransposon-based insertion polymorphism markers in Pyrus L[J].Molecular Genetics and Genome,2015,290(1):225-237.
• [25]BASSIL N,POSTMAN J D.Identification of European and Asian pears using EST-SSRs from Pyrus[J].Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution,2010,57(3):357-370.
• [26]LIU Q,SONG Y,LIU L,ZHANG M,SUN J,ZHANG S,WU J.Genetic diversity and population structure of pear(Pyrus spp.)collections revealed by a set of core genome-wide SSR markers[J].Tree Genetics and Genomes,2015,11(6):1-12.
• [27]KIMURA T,IKETANI H,KOTOBUKI K,MATSUTA N,BAN Y,HAYASHI T,YAMAMOTO T.Genetic characterization of pear varieties revealed by chloroplast DNA sequences[J].Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology,2003,78(2):241-247.
• [28]郑小艳.基于多种DNA序列和cp SSR的梨属(Pyrus L.)植物分子系统关系研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2008.ZHENG Xiaoyan.Phylogenetic analysis of Pyrus L.based on multiple DNA fragments and cp SSR markers[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2008.
• [29]胡春云,郑小艳,滕元文.梨属叶绿体非编码区trn L-trn F和acc D-psa I特征及其在系统发育研究中的应用价值[J].园艺学报,2011,38(12):2261-2272.HU Chunyun,ZHENG Xiaoyan,TENG Yuanwen.Characterization and phylogenetic utility of non-coding chloroplast regions trn L-F and acc D-psa I in Pyrus(in Chinese)[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2011,38:2261-2272.
• [30]KATAYAMA H,TACHIBANA M,IKETANI H,ZHANG S,UEMATSU C.Phylogenetic utility of structural alterations found in the chloroplast genome of pear:hypervariable regions in a highly conserved genome[J].Tree Genetics&Genomes,2011,8(2):313-326.
• [31]ZHENG X,CAI D,YAO L,TENG Y.Non-concerted ITS evolution,early origin and phylogenetic utility of ITS pseudogenes in Pyrus[J].Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution,2008,48(3):892-903.
• [32]ZHENG X,HU C,SPOONER D,LIU J,CAO J,TENG Y.Molecular evolution of Adh and LEAFY and the phylogenetic utility of their introns in Pyrus(Rosaceae)[J].BMC Evolutionary Biology,2011,11(1):255.
• [33]ZHENG X,CAI D,POTTER D,POSTMAN J,LIU J,TENG Y.Phylogeny and evolutionary histories of Pyrus L.revealed by phylogenetic trees and networks based on data from multiple DNA sequences[J].Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution,2014,80:54-65.
• [34]KIKUCHI A.Assessment of Chinese pear species and cultivars(in Japanese)[J].Collected Records Horticulture Research Faculty Agriculture Kyoto University,1946,3:1-11.
• [35]KIMURA T,SHI Y,SHODA M,KOTOBUKI K,MATSUTA N,HAYASHI T,BAN Y,YAMAMOTO T.Identification of Asian pear varieties by SSR analysis[J].Breeding Science,2002,52(2):115-121.
• [36]TIAN L,GAO Y,CAO Y,LIU F,YANG J.Identification of Chinese white pear cultivars using SSR markers[J].Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution,2012,59(59):317-326.
• [37]KIKUCHI A.Horticulture of fruit trees(in Japanese).vol.1[M].Tokyo:Yokendo,1948.
• [38]KAJIURA I,YAMAKI S,OMURA M,AKIHAMA T,MACHIDA Y.Improvement of sugar content and composition in fruits,and classifications of east Asian pears by the principal component analysis of sugar compositions in fruits(in Japanese with English summary)[J].Japanese Journal of Breeding,1979,29(1):1-12.
• [39]IKETANI H,KATAYAMA H,UEMATSU C,MASE N,SATO Y,YAMAMOTO T.Genetic structure of East Asian cultivated pears(Pyrus spp.)and their reclassification in accordance with the nomenclature of cultivated plants[J].Plant Systematics and Evolution,2012,298(9):1689-1700.
• [40]CAO Y,TIAN L,GAO Y,LIU F.Genetic diversity of cultivated and wild Ussurian Pear(Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.)in China evaluated with M13-tailed SSR markers[J].Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution,2012,59(1):9-17.
• [41]YU P,JIANG S,WANG X,BAI S,TENG Y.Retrotransposonbased sequence-specific amplification polymorphism markers reveal that cultivated Pyrus ussuriensis originated from an interspecific hybridization[J].European Journal of Horticultural Science,2016,81(5):264-272.