孙小红;周瑾;胡绍泉;吕洪飞;王国夫;

• 1:绍兴文理学院元培学院
• 2:浙江理工大学生命科学学院

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】探讨香榧籽品质性状指标间的相互关系,建立香榧籽品质综合评价标准及分级标准,为香榧籽品质检测提供技术支撑。【方法】以绍兴会稽山古香榧群39份香榧样品为材料,测定香榧籽品质的外观指标和营养指标中的长、宽、单粒质量、出仁率、种形指数、油脂、蛋白质、酸价、主要脂肪酸成分和微量元素等22项品质指标,利用SPSS19.0软件通过因子分析对香榧籽22项品质指标进行筛选,利用概率分布和层次分析(AHP)分别进行品质评价指标的分级及指标权重的确定,再通过K-均值聚类分析和判别分析建立香榧籽品质判别函数模型。【结果】香榧籽品质性状变异丰富,变异系数为3.14%~111.75%。其中过氧化值的变异系数最大,达到111.75%;而出仁率的变异系数最小,为3.14%;种形指数的变异性也较小,为3.57%,油脂平均含量为58.02%。通过相关分析和因子分析,从22项指标中筛选出长、宽、单粒质量、仁质量、种形指数、油脂含量、出仁率、蛋白含量和酸价9项指标作为香榧籽品质评价代表性指标;综合考虑9项指标对香榧品质的影响程度,构建层次结构模型,优化出9项指标的权重系数分别为29.14%、21.44%、10.95%、14.99%、7.84%、5.79%、4.29%、3.20%和2.36%,建立了主要品质指标的分级标准和评分标准,得到香榧籽品质综合评价的3个判别函数,建模样本和检验样本的判别正确率分别为100%和88.88%。【结论】香榧籽品质可用长、宽、单粒质量、仁质量、种形指数、油脂含量、出仁率、蛋白含量和酸价9项指标进行综合评价,本研究为香榧籽品质综合评价标准与分级标准的建立提供了科学的依据。

关键词(KeyWords)： 香榧;品质;因子分析;层次分析;聚类分析;判别分析;评价体系

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 绍兴市2014年科技计划项目(2014B70032);; 浙江省公益项目(2014C32032)

作者(Author): 孙小红;周瑾;胡绍泉;吕洪飞;王国夫;

Email:

DOI: 10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20180106

参考文献(References)：

• [1] SUN X H,MANTRI N,GE J,DU Y J,WANG G F,LU J Y,JIANG W,LU H F. Inhibition of plant pathogens in vitro and in vivo with essential oil and organic extracts of Torreya grandis‘Merrilli’aril[J]. Plant Omics Journal,2014,7(5):337-344.
• [2]于美,张川,曾茂茂,何志勇,陈洁.香榧坚果中油脂和蛋白质的研究进展[J].食品科学,2016,37(17):252-256.YU Mei,ZHANG Chuan,ZENG Maomao,HE Zhiyong,CHEN Jie. Recent advances in research on oils and proteins from Torreya grandis nuts[J]. Food Science,2016,37(17):252-256.
• [3]徐超,王鸿飞,邵兴锋,俞雯雯.香榧子油抗氧化活性及降血脂功能研究[J].中国粮油学报,2012,27(8):43-47.XU Chao,WANG Hongfei,SHAO Xingfeng,YU Wenwen.Study on antioxidant activity and reducing blood fat function of Kaga oil[J]. Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association,2012,27(8):43-47.
• [4]陈振德,陈志良,侯连兵,许重远,郑汉臣.香榧子油对实验性动脉粥样硬化形成的影响[J].中药材,2000,23(9):551-553.CHEN Zhende,CHEN Zhiliang,HOU Lianbing,XU Zhongyuan,ZHENG Hanchen. The preventive effect of the oil from the seed of Torreya grandis cv. Merrilli on experimental atherosclerosis in rats[J]. Chinese Medicinal Materials,2000,23(9):551-553.
• [5]王斌,闵庆文,杜波,白艳莹,袁正,徐远涛.会稽山古香榧群农业文化遗产生态服务价值评价[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(6):779-785.WANG Bin,MIN Qingwen,DU Bo,BAI Yanying,YUAN Zheng,XU Yuantao. Research on ecosystem services value of ancient Torreya grandis in Kuaiji Mountain[J]. Journal of EcoAgriculture,2013,21(6):779-785.
• [6]胡芳名,丁之恩.黄山不同类型香榧品质研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2003,23(4):1-4.HU Fangming,DING Zhien. Quality studies of three types of Huangshan Chinese Torreya[J]. Journal of Central South Forestry University,2003,23(4):1-4.
• [7]汪瑶,余勇,郭磊,陈旭,丁之恩.利用正交实验和模糊评价改进香榧加工工艺[J].食品与发酵工业,2013,39(10):151-155.WANG Yao,YU Yong,GUO Lei,CHEN Xu,DING Zhien. Application of orthogonal experiment and fuzzy evaluation in development of Torreya grandis processing technology[J]. Food and Fermentation Industry,2013,39(10):151-155.
• [8]陈红星,陈华,张龙满,江瑞珍,徐晓锋,陈新华.浙江省磐安县香榧种质资源调查[J].林业科学研究,2004,17(5):660-665.CHEN Hongxing,CHEN Hua,ZHANG Longman,JIANG Ruizhen,XU Xiaofeng,CHEN Xinhua. An investigation on the germplasm resources of Chinese Torreya in Pan’an county of Zhejiang province[J]. Forest Research,2004,17(5):660-665.
• [9]程晓建,黎章矩,戴文圣,喻卫武,曾燕如.榧树种质资源调查与评价[J].果树学报,2009,26(5):654-658.CHENG Xiaojian,LI Zhangju,DAI Wensheng,YU Weiwu,ZENG Yanru. Investigation and evaluation of Torreya grandis germplasm resource[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,2009,26(5):654-658.
• [10]谭晓风,胡芳名,张党权,周煦惠,杨伟.香榧主要栽培品种的RAPD分析[J].园艺学报,2002,29(1):69-71.TAN Xiaofeng,HU Fangming,ZHANG Dangquan,ZHOU Xuhui,YANG Wei. Molecular identification of main cultivars of Torreya grandis by RAPD markers[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2002,29(1):69-71.
• [11]王小明,王珂,敖为赳,邓劲松,韩凝,朱晓芸.基于空间信息技术的香榧适生环境因子分析[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(11):2550-2554.WANG Xiaoming,WANG Ke,AO Weijiu,DENG Jinsong,HAN Ning,ZHU Xiaoyun. Habitat factor analysis for Torreya grandis cv. Merrillii based on spatial information technology[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2008,19(11):2550-2554.
• [12]沈登锋,曾燕如,喻卫武,黎章矩,张敏,李元春,华家其,俞世群.榧树种质资源的收集与种子理化性质的初步分析[J].浙江农林大学学报,2011,28(5):747-752.SHEN Dengfeng,ZENG Yanru,YU Weiwu,LI Zhangju,ZHANG Min,LI Yuanchun,HUA Jiaqi,YU Shiqun. Collection of Torreya grandis germplasm and analysis of seeds’physicochemical characteristics[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University,2011,28(5):747-752.
• [13]梁珊珊,吕芳德,蒋瑶,李建安,王森,蒋淑芳,李凡松.美国山核桃坚果主成分分析及综合评价[J].中国南方果树,2015,4(3):123-128.LIANG Shanshan,LüFangde,JIANG Yao,LI Jianan,WANG Sen,JIANG Shufang,LI Fansong. Principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation of walnut nuts in the United States[J]. Fruit Trees in Southern China,2015,4(3):123-128.
• [14]胡安鸿,董玉芝,李月,王肇延,潘存德.新疆乌什县核桃优树坚果性状评价[J].新疆农业科学,2011,48(1):53-59.HU Anhong,DONG Yuzhi,LI Yue,WANG Zhaoyan,PAN Cunde. Evaluation on walnut nut characters of superior tree in Xinjiang Wushi county[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2011,48(1):53-59.
• [15]蒋卉,丁慧萍,白红进.新疆南疆引进鲜食枣品种品质性状的综合评价[J].食品科学,2016,37(3):55-59.JIANG Hui,DING Huiping,BAI Hongjin. Comprehensive assessment of quality characteristics of introduced table jujube cultivars in Southern Xinjiang[J]. Food Science,2016,37(3):55-59.
• [16]阙斐,张星海,赵粼.香榧籽油的超临界萃取及其脂肪酸组成的比较分析研究[J].中国粮油学报,2013,28(2):33-36.QUE Fei,ZHANG Xinghai,ZHAO Lin. Extraction of oil from Torreya grandis cv. Merrilli seed with supercritical CO2and comparison of its fatty acid with other four vegetable oils[J].Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oil Association,2013,28(2):33-36.
• [17]杨春英,刘学铭,陈智毅. 15种食用植物油脂肪酸的气相色谱-质谱分析[J].食品科学,2013,34(6):211-214.YANG Chunying,LIU Xueming,CHEN Zhiyi. Determination of fatty acid profiles in fifteen kinds of edible vegetable oil by gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry[J]. Food Science,2013,34(6):211-214.
• [18]孙勇,张金平,杨刚,李佐虎. ICP-AES法测定玉米中的微量元素含量[J].食品科学,2007,28(2):236-237.SUN Yong,ZHANG Jinping,YANG Gang,LI Zuohu. Analysis of trace elements in corn by iductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry[J]. Food Science,2007,28(2):236-237.
• [19]曾松伟,姬长英,叶邦宣,肖庆来,范益晖.细榧物质特性分析[J].农机化研究,2015(5):195-199.ZENG Songwei,JI Changying,YE Bangxuan,XIAO Qinglai,FAN Yihui. Material characteristics of Torreya grandis and its application[J]. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2015(5):195-199.
• [20]曾松伟,姬长英,黎章矩,喻卫武,叶帮宣,肖庆来.香榧品质检测技术与分级方法探讨[J].中国农机化学报,2015,36(5):151-156.ZENG Songwei,JI Changying,LI Zhangju,YU Weiwu,YE Bangxuan,XIAO Qinglai. Quality detection technology and classification method Torreya[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2015,36(5):151-156.
• [21] QIAN Y,HUANG Z X,YAN Z G. Integrated assessment of environmental and economic performance of chemical products using analytic hierarchy process approach[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering,2007,15(1):81-87.
• [22]吴诗辉,刘晓东,贾月岭,郭亚坤.一种调整AHP不一致判断矩阵的优化方法[J].控制与决策,2016,31(11):2106-2112.WU Sihui,LIU Xiaodong,JIA Yueling,GUO Yakun. Optimization method to improve inconsistent comparison matrix inanalytic hierarchy process[J]. Control and Decision,2016,31(11):2106-2112.
• [23]徐义峰,陈春明,徐云青.一种改进的k-均值聚类算法[J].计算机应用与软件,2008,25(3):275-277.XU Yifeng,CHEN Chunming,XU Yunqing. An improved clustering algorithm for K-means[J]. Computer Applications and software,2008,25(3):275-277.
• [24]闫克林,陈刚,谢小兵,王斌.基于K-均值法的青海云杉无性系半同胞子代测定林生长性状聚类分析[J].林业实用技术,2017(8):8-10.YAN Kelin,CHEN Gang,XIE Xiaobing,WANG Bin. Clustering analysis on the growth traits of half sib progeny test forest of Picea crassifolia clones based on the K-means[J]. Practical Forestry Technology,2017(8):8-10.
• [25]张军舰,詹欢,晏振.基于经验欧氏似然的拟合优度检验[J].广西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,30(3):30-35.ZHANG Junjian,ZHAN Huan,YAN Zhen. A goodness of fit test based on empirical euclidean likelihood[J]. Journal of Guangxi Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2012,30(3):30-35.
• [26]李扬,姚小华,王开良,任华东,常君.野生香榧种实性状变异研究[J].浙江林业科技,2009,29(3):35-38.LI Yang,YAO Xiaohua,WANG Kailiang,REN Huadong,CHANG Jun. Variation and correlativity analysis of fruit characters of wild Torreya grandis cv. Merrillii[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology,2009,29(3):35-38.
• [27]闵会,程诗明,康志雄,陈友吾.香榧天然群体表型性状遗传多样性分析[J].浙江林业科技,2009,29(2):24-28.MIN Hui,CHENG Shiming,KANG Zhixiong,CHEN Youwu.Phenotypic diversity of natural Torreya grandis populations[J].Journal of Zhejiang ForestryScience and Technology,2009,29(2):24-28.
• [28]唐忠厚,魏猛,陈晓光,史新敏,张爱君,李洪民,丁艳锋.不同肉色甘薯块根主要营养品质特征与综合评价[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(9):1705-1714.TANG Zhonghou,WEI Meng,CHEN Xiaoguang,SHI Xinmin,ZHANG Aijun,LI Hongmin,DING Yanfeng. Characters and comprehensive evaluation of nutrientquality of sweetpotato storage root with different flesh colors[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(9):1705-1714.